تعبير عن النفط في السعودية بالانجليزي

تعبير عن النفط في السعودية بالانجليزي تعبير عن النفط قصير تعبير عن المملكه العربيه السعوديه مختصر موضوع عن النفط قصير موضوع عن المملكة العربية السعودية قصير جدا

my country saudi arabia تعبير تعبير عن الوطن بالانجليزي قصير جدا تعبير عن الثقافة السعودية بالانجليزي برزنتيشن عن السعودية بالانجليزي طلب تعبير قصير ومبسط بالانجليزي اللغة الانجليزية للنفط والغاز موضوع عن النفط بالانجليزي موضوع بالانجليزي مكتوب جاهز مميز مختصر قصير للمدرسه او للجامعه او للبحث او للتعبير  تعبير انجليزي قصير عن المملكة العربية السعودية احتياطات النفط في السعودية تاريخ النفط في السعودية  لنفط في السعودية بالانجليزي بحث عن النفط في السعودية

مواقع النفط في السعودية متى اكتشف النفط في السعودية بالهجري متى ينتهي نفط السعودية متى اكتشف النفط في العالم كم عمر النفط السعودي النفط في المملكة العربية السعودية من الذي اكتشف النفط في السعودية

Economy and oil

Following the surveys carried out by the California company California Arab Standard Oil Company (CASOC), oil is discovered in Hassa, in the region of Dhamman in May 1938. During the Second World War, the CASOC takes the name of ARAMCO ( January 1944) and surveys continue. From this period date the ties maintained between the United States and Saudi Arabia, as evidenced by the meeting organized in February 1945 between American President Roosevelt and King Ibn Saoud aboard the American cruiser Quincy where, among the questions to the agenda is that of the oil: in exchange for the monopoly of exploitation of the deposits of Saudi Arabia by the United States, these undertake to protect militarily Saudi Arabia. This agreement is concluded for 60 years.

The marketing of oil is launched after World War II. Production rose from 550 000 barrels in 1950 to around 10 million barrels a day in 2006. As the largest exporter and the largest oil producer, Saudi Arabia has reserves estimated at 250 billion barrels, which represents a quarter of the world's reserves. of oil. It also has gas, whose reserves place it in 4th place worldwide. The exploitation of oil has allowed Saudi Arabia to acquire a very modern infrastructure (road network and airports).

In the interest of diversification, other economic fields are developing, such as those of agriculture and industry. Major projects are being carried out, such as the creation of water desalination plants, expansion of ports, construction of houses, development of the telephone network, and the ongoing creation of an economic hub called King Abdullah City in northern Jeddah.

Saudi Arabia is also entering a phase of privatization of the secondary and service sectors and has also been using foreign investment since 2004. It joins the WTO in November 2005.

Reserves and production of hydrocarbons in

Oil[

Saudi Arabia holds the second largest proven oil reserves in the world. They total 265.9 billion barrels, or 36.5 billion tonnes1. These reserves represent 15.8% of world reserves. This is a quality oil significantly better than that of Venezuela which is the first country in terms of reserves.

Saudi Arabia remains the world's largest producer at 11.525 million barrels / day, ahead of Russia (10.788 million barrels / day) and the United States (10.003 million barrels / day) 1.

Gas

The quantities of natural gas in Saudi Arabia appear relatively modest in proportion to the oil reserves. The country is still ranked 6th in the world, with proven reserves of 8,200 billion m31, far away from the three major gas countries of Iran, Russia and Qatar. These reserves represent only 4.4% of world reserves.

Saudi Arabia produces 103 billion m3 / year, far behind the United States (687.6 billion m3 / year) and Russia (604.8 billion m3 / year) 1.

In 2015, Saudi Arabia was the 20th largest economy in the world (nominal GDP) and the 6th largest in Asia. It is also the largest economy in the Arab world.

The petroleum and petrochemical industry

Saudi Arabia is a member of OPEC and its national company Saudi Aramco is the world's largest oil producer. The country dominated the list of OPEC producers during the 2010 decade. In 2013, the revenue from oil exports (crude oil and derivatives) in the country amounted to 312.7 billion dollars according to the WTO163, while the amount of manufacturing exports amounted to $ 56.4 billion163. Over the years, the share of crude oil exports in GDP has declined from 34% of GDP in 2000 to 21% in 2012164 but the country's economy remains highly dependent on oil, which in 2014 accounted for 90% of its income. Also the crash on the price of the barrel which goes from $ 127 end of 2014 to $ 30 in January 2016165, put the 2015 budget in deficit of 98 billion €, that of 2016 being estimated at 84 billion € 166. In 2014, the country drew $ 80 billion from its financial reserves, which fell to $ 652 billion at the end of 2015, the country becoming a borrower, with a forecast of $ 325 billion in 2016167. According to the IMF, at this rate, Saudi Arabia could bankruptcy in 2020168. In this context, rating agencies Fitch, Standard and Poor's and Moody's downgraded Saudi Arabia's sovereign debt rating169,170,171.

The exploitation and export of oil has strongly developed the economic activity of the north-east coast of the country, around Dammam, Khobar and Dhahran with the port of Jubail, as well as the coast on the Red Sea (Jeddah, Yanbu ) 172.

The petrochemical industry is the second largest economic sector in the country, making Saudi Arabia the 11th largest petrochemical supplier in the world173.