تعبير برجراف مقال نبذة سيرة انشاء تقرير
موضوع برزنتيشن فقرة
،بحث كامل نبذة عن العالم قصة حياة معلومات
بالانجليزي من هو مؤلفات انجازات فلسفة بحث جاهز باللغة الانجليزية علماء عرب ..
أبرز كتب ومؤلفات The story
بحث نشأة وحياته علوم العلوم
الفلكية علم الأحياء علم النبات الفلسفة ومترجم موضوع انجليزي
عن عالم مشهور موضوع انجليزي عن العالم معلومات مختصرة موضوع تعبير عن شخص
مشهور بالانجليزي قصير تعبير عن قدوتي معلومة عن مختصرة
الكتب انجازات وفاة مسيرته حياته علمه
تلامذته باختصار مترجم العالم
جابر بن حيان بن عبد الله الأزدي عالم مسلم عربي
جابر بن حيان نشأة جابر بن حيان دراسات جابر بن حيان دراسة علم الكيمياء دراسة علم الفلك نبذة مختصرة عن جابر بن حيان
جابر بن حيان أبو الكيمياء
بحث عن جابر بن حيان باللغه الانجليزيه
jabir ibn hayyan انجازات
جابر بن حيان تاريخ وفاة جابر بن حيان جابر بن حيان اسمه نشاته انجازاته مولده
تعليمه وفاته العلم الذي برع فيه جابر بن
حيان جابر بن حيان the invention of verity مولد جابر
بن حيان القاب جابر بن حيان
جابر بن حيان the
invention of verity مولد
جابر بن حيان التاريخ والمكان
انجازات العالم جابر بن حيان في الكيمياء تعليم جابر بن حيان وتحصيله العلمي
وفاة جابر بن حيان اختراعات
جابر بن حيان متى توفي
جابر بن
Jabir Ibn Hayyan (Geber) ...
Muslim scholar
He is Abu Abdallah Jabir bin
Abdullah al-Azdi (أبو موسى جابر بن حيان الأزدي),
among the eminent Moslem scholars, he excelled in chemistry, astronomy,
engineering, metallurgy, philosophy, medicine and pharmacy. Jabir ibn Hayyan
was the first to practice chemistry in a scientific way. In the West he is best
known in the Latinized form of his name: Geber.
Jabir was born around 721 in Tus
in the province of Khorassan. He is the son of an apothecary of the Azd tribe
who was executed for conspiring against the Umayyad Caliphate. Young man, Jabir
was sent to Arabia to study the Koran and mathematics. He then becomes the
disciple of the famous sixth Shiite Imam Jafar as-Sadiq. He lived most of his
life in Kufa, Iraq. Despite his inclinations to mysticism (he was called
al-Sufa) and superstition, he clearly recognized and proclaimed the importance
of experimentation: "The first essential thing in alchemy is that you have
to do applied work and experiences, because one who does not do applied work
and experience will never reach the highest levels of knowledge. His work
constituted significant advances both theoretically and experimentally.
His books clearly influenced the
European alchemists and justified their quest for the Philosopher's Stone,
Lapis Philosophicus. He is credited with a large number of now-existing
chemical laboratory equipment and processes, as well as the discovery of
chemicals such as hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, distillation and
crystallization, which became the foundations of modern chemistry and chemical
engineering.
Scientific contributions (1)
"It's in chemistry that
Jaber's main scientific contributions are: he introduced the concept of
experimental chemistry research, and he also discovered alkalis, known in
modern chemical terminology by their Arabic alkali name, as well as nitric
acid, which is also the credit for what Europeans know about ammonia salt, aqua
regia, potash, and sulfuric acid, and also deals with non-precious metals. and
their oxidation, mineral salts, nitric and sulfuric acid, as well as
distillation, filtering and evaporation.
In addition to his scientific
contributions, Jaber is considered as the pioneer of experimental sciences,
having introduced in chemistry experimentation and laboratory practice,
recommending precision in research and experimentation, while preaching
perseverance in their execution. In this field, he has contributed to the
discovery of mineral refining, steel production, fabric dyeing, leather
tanning, impermeable fabric coating, and the use of manganese dioxide in the
production of glass.
Jaber divided the subjects,
according to their specificities, into three categories, namely:
1. Alcohols, or substances that
evaporate when heated, such as camphor and aluminum chloride;
2. metals, such as gold, silver,
lead and iron;
3. compounds, or materials that
can be converted into powder.
In the end, and according to Sarton, "one can discern the
real value of Jaber's achievements only after authentication, writing and
publication of all his works". "
إرسال تعليق