موضوع انجليزي عن الاب

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزي  كتابة انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن جمل عن اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب مترجم رحلة انجليزي تعبير بالانجليزي عن ابوي 

information about   paragraph  presentation  عن مقال حول  للطلاب عرض ملخص مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير كلمة تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن مقدمة خاتمة   عبارات جميلة باللغة الانجليزية حكم وامثال 

Introduction

Although there is increasing interest in fathers in development research, the centrality of mothers has remained largely unchallenged. In many cultural settings, children grow in close contact with many caregivers in their families and communities, but the role of these individuals is also much less addressed in development studies. In various ecological contexts, it has almost always been assumed that the father's role is primarily that of the provider.

The involvement of the father in the family, beyond this role of provider, has varied historically according to socio-cultural traditions and personal choices, so that there are several levels of paternal involvement and several trajectories of paternal influence on developing offspring.1 Most of our beliefs about father involvement in child care come from societies where monogamy prevails; but, again, monogamous couples are not always sustainable.2 In non-industrialized cultures, monogamy is only 17% of households, polygyny being the most common form of union.3 Given this historical and cultural diversity in the forms of marriage and family, it becomes essential to expand our frame of reference to understand the role of the male parent in the lives of children.

The study of other species reveals that biological limitations have not prevented male parents, in insects, birds and mammals, from becoming heavily involved in the task of feeding offspring. This task is one of many activities (for example, protecting the little ones) that facilitate the success of reproduction. In humans, the role of the mother is clearly defined in all cultures: she is the main caregiver. Expectations for men who become fathers have been more variable. Over time, many expectations of traditional roles have been challenged and modified to suit changing economic, social and cultural needs. Although a growing number of women are working outside the home, they continue to be the primary caregivers responsible for the home. For their part, more and more men are going beyond their traditional role to participate in the care and education of children. Thus, nowadays, ideals and practices of the paternal role are more debated and more variable than those concerning the maternal role, and they undergo a more important transition than these.4

Subject

To understand the changing needs of families and their implications for children, it is essential to review the role of the father in the care and socialization of children. Research from different species highlights the variability in the level of involvement of the male parent, ranging from complete absence to a presence that is intensively involved in feeding the offspring (eg, by regurgitation). Anthropological studies also indicate a close proximity and involvement of fathers in hunter-gatherer societies.5 It is essential to examine the scope of different levels of father involvement and investment to better understand the history and culture of fatherhood.

Problems

The diversity of situations in which fatherhood is built today creates multiple positions from which fathers can assume their responsibilities to family members. Ecological, economic, social and cultural requirements must be examined with a renewed and nuanced understanding of fathers (men), "paternage" (father's actions as parent) and fatherhood (conceptions and beliefs). Compared with the diversity of paternity experiences as they are truly experienced in the world, the academic understanding of paternity in developmental psychology remains unclear, reflecting above all the reality of white and educated middle-class parents in Europe. and in the United States. Similar criticisms of our analysis of mothers have also been issued.