تعبير تقرير
برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص
جاهز باللغة الانجليزية انشاء عبارات سهل بسيط
قطعة معلومات عامة شاملة بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان جمل عن بلادي كلمة رحلة
مقال جمهورية دولة حول تكاليف المعيشه السياحة
للطلاب عرض للصف السادس للصف الاول للصف الثاني للصف الثالث للصف الرابع للصف الخامس
للصف السادس للصف السابع للصف الثامن للصف التاسع للصف العاشر ابتدائي جمل
سهل وقصير معالم موقع تقرير عن تراث بالانجليزي ابي موضوع ابراج خمس جمل قديما أبرز المناطق السياحية مختصر حول الحياة والعادات
والتقاليد فى لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص
قصير كلمة تحدث تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله مقدمة
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سكان مدن
الوجهات العرب المسافرون نقاط الاهتمام مساحة تحدث جغرافية جغرافيا عبارات شعر قصيدة مؤثر كلام قصير مترجم بالعربي شكل عام موضوع مؤثر كيف تكتب بالانجليزي اللغات الرسمية ديانة اسماء مدن
المناطق الريفيه الشعب الجنس رئيس لغتها الرسمية قوانين موقع الوطن عادات وتقاليد بحث علمي
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Indonesia, general framework
From a cyclical point of view, Indonesia rebounded in the
2000s after being strongly affected by the crisis of the countries of
South-East Asia in 1997-1998. Driven by the rise in commodity prices abundantly
present in the territory, growth has reached more than 6%. The Indonesian
economy, however, has been slightly weaker since 2013 (5.8%, 5.2% projected by
the IMF for 2014). The slowdown in activity can be explained by the drop in
exports (falling commodity prices, falling Chinese demand, protectionist
policies) or the tightening of monetary policy, as the central bank has raised
the key interest rate. From 5.75% to 7.5% between June and November 2013,
following the strong inflation that affected Indonesia in 2013 (6.4% on
average, up to 8.8% during the year) and the sharp fall of the rupee (-20% on
the dollar) after the announcement of the progressive stop of the quantitative
easing of the Fed. The resulting massive capital flight underscored Indonesia's
reliance on external financing, as the economy is currently running a double
deficit. The budget deficit is nevertheless contained (2.1% in 2013), in line
with controlled public finances (public debt at 25.7% of GDP in 2013). However,
a current account deficit appeared in 2012 (3.3% of GDP in 2013), marked by the
deterioration of the trade balance.
In 2013, bilateral trade with France led to a surplus, from the
French point of view (EUR 50 million), for the first time in more than 10
years. The Indonesian trade balance suffers from the fact that Indonesia
exports raw, low-value products while importing processed goods. The country
also remains a net importer of energy resources, including oil.
Having come to power in October 2014, the new President Joko Widodo
should first tackle the reduction in oil subsidies, weighing nearly 15% of the
budget: this would entail both a decrease in imports and a space additional
budget, giving "Jokowi" greater leeway in setting up its economic policy.
It wants to respond effectively to the structural challenges that Indonesia
faces in order to revive the activity. Fragile by a lack of competitiveness
(infrastructure, education) as well as by strong corruption (114th / 177 in
Transparency International's ranking), the environment is not conducive to
business (120th / 189 in the Doing Business ranking of the World Bank), as
evidenced by the rise of protectionism in the country.
Moreover, and despite the progress made in reducing poverty (11.5%
of the population), the social system remains underdeveloped, while wealth
inequalities have increased. Finally, while the unemployment rate tends to
decrease (6.2% in 2013), it does not reflect the importance of the informal
sector, which employs more than two-thirds of the population.
The Indonesian budget for 2017
The Indonesian parliament voted in October a budget for 2017, whose
orders of magnitude are comparable to those of the revised budget for 2016.
Revenue is expected to reach 132 billion dollars while spending remains stable
at 156 billion dollars. The priority sectors, such as infrastructure and
solidarity, however, see their envelopes increase. Efforts imposed by the
Ministry of Finance should reduce the primary deficit to 0.8% of GDP against
1.2% in 2016, after 5 years of increase.
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