موضوع بالانجليزي عن ياسر عرفات

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزي  كتابة انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن جمل عن اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب مترجم رحلة انجليزي

information about   paragraph  presentation  عن مقال حول  للطلاب عرض ملخص مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير كلمة تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن مقدمة خاتمة   عبارات جميلة باللغة الانجليزية حكم وامثال

ـ موضوع انجليزي عن ابدا موضوع تعبير بالانجليزي قصير كيفية كتابة موضوع تعبير باللغة الانجليزية توجيهي قواعد كتابة تعبير بالانجليزي طريقة سهلة لكتابة تعبير بالانجليزي

موضوع تعبير انجليزي يصلح لكل المواضيع كتابة تعبير بالانجليزي عن نفسك

كيفية كتابة paragraph باللغة الانجليزية كتابة تعبير بالانجليزي عن المستقبل

تعبير انجليزي يصلح لكل المواضيع موضوع انشاء شامل لكل المواضيع موضوع تعبير عربي يصلح لجميع المواضيع موضوع تعبير انجليزي جاهز برجراف ينفع لاى موضوع

موضوع انجليزي عن ابو عمار

اسم عرفات بالانجليزي

رئيس فلسطين السابق

موضوع باللغة الانجليزية عن ياسر عرفات Yasser Arafat

موضوع تعبير عن يآسر عرفآت باللغة الانجليزية

موضوع عن ياسر عرفات (بالانجليزي)

نبذة عن حياة الراحل ياسر عرفات (ابو عمار)

موضوع بالانجليزي عن ياسر عرفات من هو ياسر عرفات جنازة ياسر عرفات في اي سنة وفاة ياسر عرفات حصار ياسر عرفات سقوط طائرة ياسر عرفات ياسر عرفات يهودي موقف ياسر عرفات من غزو الكويت

Yasser Arafat (ياسر عرفات), born August 24, 1929 in Cairo and died November 11, 2004 in Clamart, France, his real name Mohamed Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini (محمد عبد الرؤوف القدوة الحسيني), also known as his war name Abu Ammar (ابو عمار), was a Palestinian politician, president of the Palestinian Authority from 1994 to his death in 2004.

Biography

Yasser Arafat was born officially in Cairo, Egypt, on August 24, 1929. However, the place and date of birth of Yasser Arafat are controversial. He himself declares that he was born in Jerusalem on August 4, 1929. The discovery of his birth certificate and other documents from the University of Cairo made it possible to conclude on the place and place of birth. Yasser Arafat's biographer, Alan Hart, recognizes these documents and now places the birthplace in Cairo.

His official name is Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat Al Qudua Al Husseini. Said K. Aburish, his Palestinian biographer, states: 1 "Mohammed Abdel Rahman was his first name; Abdel Raouf, the name of his father; Arafat, his grandfather; Al Qudua is the name of his family; and Al Husseini is the name of the clan of which the Al Quduas are part ". The Al Husseini clan is also one of the most prestigious of Jerusalem and according to the biography Arafat the irreducible, a biography of Amnon Kapeliouk ed. Fayard, 2004, Arafat claims to be the nephew of the famous Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Haj Amin al-Husseini.

Born into a Palestinian family in Gaza from Egypt, he is the son of a merchant. He spent most of his childhood and adolescence in Cairo, with his six brothers and sisters. After the death of his mother when he was five, he spent four years in Jerusalem with his uncle, the great Mufti of Jerusalem Haj Amin al-Husseini. He maintains family ties in Egypt where he attends Farouk College.

In 1949, he entered the School of Engineers of King Fouad I University in Cairo, where he obtained a degree in civil engineering. He moved closer to the Muslim Brotherhood and the Palestinian Students Union, becoming its president from 1952 to 1956 as a student. In 1956 he served in the Egyptian army during the Suez Canal Crisis.

From 1959 to 1969, the beginning of Fatah

In 1959, as an engineer, Yasser Arafat moved to the emirate of Kuwait where many Palestinians were already working and living to create his own society. There he created the Palestine Liberation Movement (Harakat Tahrir Filastin), quickly renamed al Fatah (Conquest), an organization whose primary goal was the establishment of a Palestinian state from the Mediterranean to the Jordan.

The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was created in 1964 by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser with the aim of replacing the "Zionist entity" with an Egyptian protectorate that would allow Cairo to establish its hegemony in the Middle East. . necessary.

In December 1964, Arafat was part of the Fatah group sent by Syria to carry out its first military operation - the destruction of an Israeli water pump. This attack is a failure. After the Six Day War in 1967, Israel's attention shifted away from Arab governments to various Palestinian organizations, including Fatah.

In 1967, the Six Day War changed the geopolitical situation in the Middle East and was Yasser Arafat's real starting point. Egypt, Syria and Jordan are defeated by Israel, which conquers East Jerusalem, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, under Jordanian and Egyptian rule in 1948, and also the Syrian Golan and Egyptian Sinai.

In 1968, Fatah was the target of a major Israeli army attack on the Jordanian village of Karameh, during which 150 Palestinian fighters and 29 Israeli soldiers were killed, mainly by the Jordanian armed forces. Despite the defeat on the ground, the battle is considered beneficial by Fatah because the Israelis finally withdrew.

This new situation allows Fatah to emancipate itself totally from the supervision of the Mukhabarat, and to take control the same year of the PLO, Palestine Liberation Organization, representative body created by the Arab League four years ago.

From 1969 to 1973, head of the PLO

On February 3, 1969, during the Palestinian National Congress, he was appointed chairman of the PLO Executive Committee, replacing Ahmed Choukairy, who was first appointed by the Arab League. Yasser Arafat, bringing the PLO to the forefront, brings the nature of the Palestinians' struggle to a more political level.

King Hussein of Jordan sends troops to restore order in refugee camps. In response, Yasser Arafat calls for the overthrow of the Hashemite monarchy, arguing that 75% of Jordan's inhabitants are Palestinians. In retaliation, King Hussein ordered the killing of tens of thousands of Palestinians, whether they were fedayeen or civilians, many Palestinians would take refuge in Israeli territory and Yasser Arafat would take refuge in Lebanon. This dramatic episode is known as Black September.

Arafat became the commander-in-chief of the Palestinian revolutionary forces two years later, and in 1973, the leader of the PLO's political department.

From 1973 to 1982, establishment in Lebanon

After a military rout in Jordan, Arafat settled in Lebanon. Lebanon's weak central government allows the PLO to operate almost as an independent state. The PLO then began artillery attacks and military infiltrations against Israel. In Lebanon, Yasser Arafat controls the inflow of funds for the PLO. Cash is estimated at $ 2 billion in 1975, when the civil war begins in Lebanon.

In September 1972, the Black September group, probably under the command of Fatah, kidnaps eleven Israeli athletes during the Munich Olympics. In an attempt to free the hostages by the German police, a shootout broke out, and all the athletes were killed, most by the hostage-takers, sometimes with grenades, but also some by the snipers of the police. The international condemnation of the attack results in Arafat's distancing from such operations.

The year 1974 constitutes, for Yasser Arafat, an important year of pacifist political progress. necessary. In June, the PLO adopts the principle of establishing a Palestinian state in the territories to be liberated, and in November its president implicitly recognizes the existence of Israel by calling, during the UN General Assembly, all parties to seek a peaceful solution for Palestine. He is the first representative of a non-governmental organization to participate in a plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly. Arafat orders the cessation of violent acts targeting Israelis outside Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The Arab leaders declare that the PLO is the only legitimate representative of all Palestinians, and they admit the PLO as a full member of the Arab League in 1976. In 1976 the massacre of Damour committed mainly by the militias Palestinian forces unleashed the Lebanese civil war. The part of the PLO Charter aimed at ending state Zionism is not abrogated.

Israel allies with Lebanese Christians. Two major attacks in Lebanon are organized. The first, Operation Litani (1978), allows the Israeli army and the southern Lebanese army (under Israeli control) to take control of a narrow strip of land, the security zone, up to its withdrawal in 1985. At the end of the second operation, Operation Peace in Galilee (1982), Israel occupied southern Lebanon. It was during this second operation, during the siege of Beirut by the Israeli army, that Palestinian civilians (between 800 and 3500 according to sources) were massacred in the refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila by the Christian militia. The alleged involvement of Ariel Sharon, then Israel's defense minister, in this operation is likely to have a negative impact on the peace talks when he becomes prime minister on 17 February 2001.

During the Lebanese period, the Palestinian camps become more and more independent, the PLO allies with the Soviet KGB. necessary. From its base in Beirut, the PLO takes charge of social services for Palestinian refugees. But also, it arms and organizes groups of fedayins who launch incessant attacks against Israel and its interests. In 1980, the PLO treasury, entrusted to the sole signature of Yasser Arafat, is estimated at 5 billion dollars. more than the GNP of several States in the region.