موضوع عن
الرضاعة
بحث عن الرضاعة الطبيعية
مطويات جاهزة عن الرضاعة الطبيعية
تعريف الرضاعة الطبيعية
بحث عن الرضاعة في
كيفية الرضاعة الطبيعية من الثدي
اهمية الرضاعة الطبيعية للام والطفل
فوائد الرضاعة الطبيعية للام والطفل
اهمية الرضاعة الطبيعية للطفل
Breastfeeding, a blessing for mother and child
breastfeeding infant
To believe this strange habit, acquired more than seventy
years ago, to feed babies with alternative milks, one might think that humanity
is no longer part of the class of mammals.
Yet the infant always needs both to know the sweetness of
the mother's breast and to eat this milk perfectly programmed by nature to meet
its nutritional needs.
The benefits of breastfeeding
Without doubt it is not useless to recall the
inconveniences of the bottle.
Today, it is unanimously agreed by the scientific world
that industrial milk is much lower than breast milk and has serious
consequences for public health, the health of children and same as that of the
mother.
First, the composition of cow's milk, in terms of proteins,
carbohydrates and lipids, as well as trace elements, is very different from
that of human milk.
Then the artificial milk stimulates neither the immune
system nor the intestinal flora.
Worse still, it contains many elements very indigestible
for the baby whose digestive system is then constantly stressed and unable to
defend itself.
As a result, artificial milk favors:
→ digestive and renal disorders,
→ infectious diseases,
→ allergies,
→ and even, in some cases, ulcerative
necrotizing enterocolitis of the newborn,
→ Sudden infant death,
→ certain cancers
→ and insulin-dependent diabetes.
Breast milk is alive, that is to say, constantly changing
from one suckling to another.
The baby draws different elements every day, including
immunoglobulins and macrophage cells that will enable him to defend against
pathogens and avoid many physiological dysfunctions.
In fact, breast milk is a health food of the highest order.
And then, the close contact with the mother also makes
feeding a real psychotherapy.
Or at least gives the baby an emotional security that will
never allow a bottle.
In addition, the breast does not interfere with the correct
development of the palate and teeth, unlike the pacifier.
Finally, it is the health of the mother herself that the
bottle endangers.
Because breastfeeding establishes a hormonal balance that
prevents the return of diapers to occur just a few weeks after birth, as
happens in case of artificial feeding of the baby.
While breastfeeding, the mother prevents both anemia and
close pregnancies.
But some studies also show that not breastfeeding increases
the risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer and osteoporosis.
Recommendations of public health systems
The sad thing is that the bottle costs on average three
times more than the breast.
We must pay to be in poor health!
But economically disadvantaged families are the first to be
affected by this deplorable fashion.
The community also supports the costs of bottle feeding,
since it entails a net increase of medicalization, even hospitalization.
In the United States, for example, it is estimated that $
1.3 billion would be saved if babies were breastfed.
Finally, the planet also suffers from this waste, since the
manufacture and transport of all these cans of milk and baby bottles pollute
enormously.
It is for all these reasons, added to the health disorders,
that the medical world, WHO and UNICEF in particular, regularly alert the
public opinion and the governments about the dangers that the artificial milk
makes weigh on the humanity.
After statistical studies clearly show that the decline in
breastfeeding rate is directly linked to the increase in morbidity and infant
mortality, recommendations have been made regarding the best possible diet for
children, can be summarized in two points:
→ the first six of life, babies must benefit
from exclusive breastfeeding
→ up to two years or older, young children
should be breastfed while receiving adequate complementary foods.
This implies that, in the first six to nine months, water,
herbal teas and fruit juices must not enter the baby's diet.
On the other hand, in the following months, supplementation
of breastfeeding with adapted foods must in no way be assimilated to weaning,
breast milk having to represent at least 50% of the total ration up to one
year. then one-third to two years.
Innocenti Declaration (excerpt)
This statement was developed and adopted by the
participants at the WHO / UNICEF meeting on "Breastfeeding in the
1990s".
She states that breastfeeding is a unique way of feeding
the child, who:
→ provides infants with an ideal diet that
promotes their growth and development
→ reduces the incidence and severity of
infectious diseases, reducing morbidity and infant mortality
→ contributes to women's health by reducing the
risk of breast and ovarian cancer, and by increasing the interval between
pregnancies
→ brings social and economic benefits to the
family and the nation
→ gives a deep feeling of satisfaction to most
women for whom the experience is successful
→ and research has shown that these benefits
increase if infants are exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life,
and if subsequently, the mother continues to breastfeed while providing
supplemental feeding ...
Decree 98-688 of July 30, 1998 (excerpt)
Art. 1st - All documentation for informational or
educational purposes, both written and audiovisual, concerning the feeding of
infants must include information on:
a / The benefits and superiority of breastfeeding
b / Mother's nutrition and how to prepare for and continue
breastfeeding
c / The possible negative effect on breastfeeding in a
partial bottle feeding
d / The difficulty of substituting breastfeeding for a diet
using infant formula.
How to breastfeed?
What WHO also recommends is to learn about the functioning
of the mammary gland and feeding.
Indeed, their lack of knowledge has led to and still leads
to many erroneous behaviors ... up to that of feeding the baby bottle-feeding.
In the past, of course, we passed from mother to daughter a
thousand years of knowledge about breastfeeding.
But today this knowledge is virtually lost, and is
replaced, at worst, by total ignorance, at best by scientific knowledge and
statistics.
We therefore know that the baby sucks on average eight to
twelve times a day, and that during the first days the feeds last about ten
minutes.
But these statistics obviously do not take into account
peculiarities.
For example, the baby in constant contact with his mother,
as is the case in Africa, can suckle every quarter of an hour.
In the West, babies sleep longer and suckle less
frequently.
But this does not mean that they are set like clocks!
A baby may stop suckling for ten minutes and then resume
breastfeeding.
Should we count one or two feedings?
This kind of question would of course not be needed if
Westerners did not have this habit of wanting to control everything and this
need to reassure themselves by trying to make everything predictable.
In the Western breastfeeding system, it is expected that an
average of ten minutes of breast feeding is required every three hours.
It may be convenient, but it does not work like that!
In fact, it is the baby who must indicate the rhythm and
duration of feeding.
It is according to his nutritional reserves, his food and
emotional needs, his environment and his health, that he will claim the breast.
In a word: breastfeeding must be regulated at the request
of the baby!
But this implies the absolute necessity of a close
proximity between the child and his mother ... and a perfect listening on his
part.
And weaning?
The first advice that could be given to mothers is not to
succumb to this trend, also very Western, of thinking about weaning practically
from the beginning of breastfeeding, as if it were necessary to foresee as
quickly as possible the end of a chore.
Consequence: a lot of breastfeeding ends with a kind of
failure, regret at not being able to breastfeed longer, or feeling that the
baby did not want the breast any more, all feelings once again due to a lack of
knowledge of the functioning of the breast and the baby.
It is true that some babies relax their interest in breast
between four and five months, around seven months and between nine and twelve
months.
But it should not be interpreted as a sign of weaning.
Conversely, between thirteen and eighteen months, the baby
is often very attached to his mother, and it is not advisable to wean him
during this period.
In general, the weaning must be a progressive detachment of
the breast, programmed by the child ... when it was allowed to grow at its own
pace.
According to Greiner, the word weaning covers four distinct
practices:
→ supplying the child with other foods in quantities that
are not expected to have a real nutritional impact
→ the donation of food for nutritional
purposes, while continuing breastfeeding
→ replacing feedings with other foods
→ total cessation of breastfeeding.
The thing must be gradual, and only occur at a certain age.
The different anthropological studies agree that the
natural age of weaning is between two and six years.
The range is wide, as we can see, which means that natural
weaning is a bit of an adventure, the opposite of planning.
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