أبو الوليد محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن أحمد
بن رشد (520 هـ- 595 هـ) يسميه الأوروبيون Averroesواشتهر باسم ابن رشد الحفيد تعرض ابن رشد في آخر
حياته لمحنة حيث اتهمه علماء الأندلس والمعارضون له بالكفر والإلحاد ثم أبعده أبو يوسف
يعقوب إلى مراكش وتوفي فيها (1198 م) نشأة ابن رشد تعليم ابن رشد خدمة ابن رشد في البلاط فكر ابن رشد
مؤلفات ابن رشد وفاة ابن رشد ابن رشد محمد وليد أحمد بن رشد الأندلسي البربري أبو الوليد
" الحفيد " (520- 595 هـ= 1126-1198م)، المعروف بابن رشد، عالم مسلم ولد
في قرطبة بالاندلس، أحد كبار الفلاسفة في الحضارة العربية الإسلامية.
وقد ترك للإنسانية مآثر علمية جليلة استفادت منها بلاد الغرب الكتب مؤلفات ابن رشد انجازات ملحد فلسفة ابن رشد اقوال
ابن رشد الحفيد الجد تعريف بابن رشد ،معلومات
عن أبو الوليد ،بحث كامل عن ابن رشد نبذة عن العالم إبن رشد قصة حياة ابن رشد عقيدة الإمام ابن رشد وما حقيقة خلافه مع الإمام أبي حامد الغزالي معلومات عن ابن رشد بالانجليزي من هو ابن رشد ابن رشد الحفيد مؤلفات ابن رشد انجازات ابن رشد فلسفة ابن رشد بحث جاهز باللغة الانجليزية علماء عرب .. أبرز إنجازات
ابن سينا كتب ومؤلفات
بحث نشأة وحياته علوم العلوم الفلكية علم الأحياء
علم النبات الفلسفة ومترجم موضوع انجليزي
عن عالم مشهور موضوع انجليزي عن العالم معلومات
مختصرة موضوع تعبير عن شخص مشهور بالانجليزي قصير تعبير عن قدوتي بن سينا
معلومة عن مختصرة
الكتب انجازات وفاة مسيرته حياته علمه تلامذته
Biography
Averroes or Ibn
Rochd of Cordova (Arabic: ابن رشد, Ibn Rochd) is a
philosopher, Islamic rationalist theologian, lawyer, mathematician and Muslim
doctor Andalusian of Arabic language of the twelfth century, born in 1126 in
Cordoba, Andalusia, and died on 10 December 1198 in Marrakech, Morocco. It is
said Ibn Rochd but it is better known in the West under its Latinized name of
Averroes. His full name is Abu al-Walid Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Aḥmad ibn Ro ??d, أبو
الوليد محمد بن احمد بن محمد بن احمد بن احمد بن رشد.
His work is
recognized in Western Europe, of which he is, according to some, as the
specialist Alain de Libera, "one of the spiritual fathers" for his
comments of Aristotle. Some even describe him as one of the founding fathers of
secular thought in Western Europe.
His
open-mindedness and modernity displeased the Muslim authorities of the time,
who exiled him as a heretic, and ordered that his books be burned. Deeply
ignored during his lifetime, he commented profusely and brilliantly on the
works of Aristotle: so the Latin theologians called him "The
Commentator". Averroes is one of the greatest philosophers of Islamic
civilization.
He comes from a
large family of cadis (judges) of Cordoba (Maliki). He is grandson of Ibn Ruchd
al-Gadd, cadi of Cordoba and famous writer whose work in twenty volumes on
Islamic jurisprudence in the Royal Library of Morocco.
He is trained by
private teachers. The initial formation begins with the study, by heart, of the
Qur'an, to which are added the grammar, the poetry, the rudiments of
calculation and the learning of the writing. Averroes studies with his father,
the hadith, the Tradition relating to the acts, words and attitudes of the
Prophet and the fiqh, right in the Muslim sense, according to which the
religious and the legal do not dissociate.
Science and
philosophy are studied only after good religious training. Averroès broadens
the intellectual activity of his family environment by focusing on secular
sciences: physics, astronomy, medicine. At the end of his training, he is a man
of religion keen on ancient knowledge and curious about nature.
Averroes
cultivated medicine, which he had studied under Avenzoar, and was a physician
of the Almohad court; but he concentrated on theory rather than practice.
Caliph Abu Yaqub
Yusuf having asked him, in 1166, to present pedagogically the work of
Aristotle, Averroes seeks to find the authentic work. He uses several
translations. By applying the principles of logical thinking including
non-contradiction, and using his overall knowledge of the work, he detects
translation errors, gaps and additions. He thus discovers internal criticism.
He wrote three types of comments: Great, Medium, and Abstract. He appears as
the most faithful Aristotelian of medieval commentators.
Around 1188-1189,
there were rebellions in the central Maghreb and a holy war against Christians.
Caliph Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur then banned philosophy, studies and books, as
in the field of manners, it prohibits the sale of wine and the profession of
singer and musician.
From 1195,
Averroes, already suspect as philosopher, is victim of a campaign of opinion
which aims to annihilate his prestige of cadi. Al-Mansûr then sacrificed his
intellectuals to the pressure of the ulema. Averroes was exiled in 1197 to
Lucena, a small Andalusian town populated mainly by Jews, in decline since the
Almohads banned any religion other than Islam. After a short exile of one and a
half years, he is recalled to Morocco where he receives the pardon of the
sultan, but is not reinstated in his functions. He died in Marrakech on 10 or
11 December 1198 without having seen Andalusia again. The death of Al-Mansûr
shortly afterwards marks the beginning of the decadence of the Almohad empire.
Suspected of
heresy, he will not have any posterity in the land of Islam. Part of his work
will be saved by Jewish translators. It will go through the Jews of Catalonia
and Occitania in Latin scholasticism.
He is one of the
greatest thinkers of Muslim Spain. Doctor, mathematician, he is mainly
interested in theology and philosophy. He comments on the works of Aristotle
and seeks to clearly separate faith and science. This project worries
traditionalist Muslims, but will find an echo in the West. This echo will
however be tumultuous: Averroes will be nicknamed at the same time the
"Commentator" of Aristotle par excellence, and caricatured under
various traits: heretic, bloodthirsty tyrant, atheist, libertine.
His book Bidayat
ul-mudjtahid wa nihayat ul-Muqtasid refers to comparative jurisprudence. He
quotes and discusses the opinions of different madhhabs (schools) on fiqh
(Islamic jurisprudence).
Help us locate
the tomb of Averroes by sending us the address of the place where his grave is
(cemetery ...). Optional: Send us also the GPS coordinates of the exact
location of Averroes' burial.
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