موضوع عن جغرافيا بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز عن

تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز قصير

جغرافيا باللغة الانجليزية. egypt.

موضوع عن جغرافيا بالانجليزي

ابرز فروع الجغرافيا الطبيعية

علم الجغرافيا

ماهي علوم الجغرافيا التي تجمع بين الجغرافيا الطبيعية والجغرافيا البشرية

فروع علم الجغرافيا

بحث عن الجغرافيا

اصل كلمة جغرافيا

علاقة علم الجغرافيا بالعلوم الاخرى

ما هي الجغرافيا

بحث عن الجغرافيا البشرية

Geography Egypt

Cultivated land barely extends a few kilometers on both sides of its course. 96% of Egyptians live there (as well as in the oases of the Libyan desert). Without it, the Sahara would extend continuously to the Red Sea.

In antiquity there were two parts: Lower and Upper Egypt. The Nile springing from the south and flowing into the Mediterranean to the north, Upper Egypt corresponds to the southern part of the country and Lower Egypt to the northern part. Today, Middle Egypt is also referred to as the area from southern Cairo to Minieh.

Nubia is the region that begins north of Aswan (Kom Ombo) and continues to the Sudanese border. Part of Egyptian Nubia is now covered by the waters of Lake Nasser, formed as a result of the construction of the high dam inaugurated in 1970.

The desert, meanwhile, covers 97% of the country's area, which means that there is plenty of sand. There are three main desert areas in Egypt. :

The Libyan desert: from the Nile to the Libyan border, it is punctuated by a series of oases (Kharga, Dakhla, Farafra, Bahareyya), the first three from the south forming the New Valley (Wadi el-Gedid) . Further north, the oases of Siwa and Gara. This sand desert takes on different aspects, sometimes rocky, sometimes black (around Bahareyya), sometimes white (around Farafra).

To the west of the oases begins the great sea of ​​sand (with quicksand and particularly dangerous areas). It is in the region of Gulf el-Kebir that unfolds the novel The English Patient, Michael Ondaatje.

The Arabian Desert: between the Nile and the Red Sea coast, it is a group of mountains interspersed with wadi (valleys), which ends with a long mountain range. Only Bedouins (who live on the side of the Red Sea) know this maze

The desert of Sinai: its geography is made of dunes and mountains eroded by the wind and furrowed by deep wadis (wadi) which undergo sporadic floods. The highest point of Egypt is located in this peninsula: it is Mount St. Catherine (2,642 m), which exceeds Mount Moses (or Mount Sinai), with its 2,285 m.

An enchantment for all those who love trekking and hiking. Some historical sites (Serabet el-Khadem, the Saint-Catherine monastery ...) and natural (canyon of the Colors), and, for the least known: dunes of sand, canyons, lakes in altitude ...

The Nile

The life of Egypt, until the construction of the Aswan High Dam (completed in 1970), was regulated according to the flood of the Nile which brought the necessary silt to the cultures. In June, the river began to rise, then, in the second half of July, it swelled to reach its maximum end of October. The height of the flood was then measured using the nilometers. The recession then extended until January when the river returned to its bed, and the peasants their fields.

All the first civilizations were born of a river, source of fertility of the lands: Mesopotamia (Tigris and Euphrates), Mohenjo-Daro (Indus), China (Yellow River) ... The floods made it possible to strengthen the authority of the pharaohs . It needed a very centralized and very authoritarian system to store food during the 3 months of flooding.

In 1965, with the construction of the Aswan dam, the Nile saw the disappearance of its floods that punctuated the agricultural life since the dawn of time, and its festivals.

For the Egyptians, the Nile is a source of life, as 85 million people live in the fertile strip that borders the river, barely 3% of the territory.

A source of life perishable?

The Nile remains a vital river because it allows crops in a hostile and desert environment. Today, the Nile supports about 300 million Africans, a population that is expected to double by 2025. The water problem is crucial in Egypt because of population growth and industrial development. Nearly 87% of the Nile water used is for crop irrigation. It is estimated that about half of the water used is wasted and 10 billion cubic meters of water evaporate annually from Lake Nasser.

Since 1997, Egypt has embarked on a new adventure: creating a "second Nile" by digging the long Toshka canal that will allow the irrigation of a "New Valley", parallel to the Nile, and passing through the oases of Kharga, Dakhla and Farafra. A very ambitious project. Target announced for 2020: some 250 000 ha of land should be irrigated.

For the moment, only 80 km of this canal (over 30 m wide) have been dug. The works have slowed down considerably, for lack of finances!

The cost of Toshka is colossal, experts agree that this huge business should cost around 60 billion euros in the country.