برزنتيشن عن عمان بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزية  انشاء عبارات سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات عامة شاملة بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان جمل عن بلادي كلمة رحلة مقال جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة للطلاب عرض للصف السادس للصف الاول للصف الثاني للصف الثالث للصف الرابع للصف الخامس للصف السادس للصف السابع للصف الثامن للصف التاسع للصف العاشر  ابتدائي جمل  سهل وقصير معالم  موقع  تقرير عن تراث بالانجليزي ابي موضوع  ابراج خمس جمل قديما  أبرز المناطق السياحية مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير كلمة تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله مقدمة خاتمة  information about   paragraph  presentation  location  my country uae كم عدد سكان  مدن  الوجهات العرب المسافرون نقاط الاهتمام مساحة تحدث جغرافية جغرافيا  عبارات شعر قصيدة مؤثر كلام قصير مترجم بالعربي  شكل عام موضوع مؤثر اللغات الرسمية ديانة  اسماء مدن  المناطق الريفيه الشعب الجنس رئيس لغتها الرسمية قوانين موقع  الوطن عادات وتقاليد بحث علمي

Economic and financial situation

1. An activity heavily penalized by the low price of oil for 3 years

While Oman had experienced an average annual growth of more than 4% during the 8th Plan (2012-16), activity fell significantly from the second half of 2014 in line with the fall in oil prices. After reaching 4.2% in 2015 and 3% in 2016, GDP growth could be negative this year, given the continued weakness of activity and the Sultanate's commitment to reduce its production by 5%. under the Vienna Agreement. This year, oil production should thus rise to 970,000 b / d on average against just over 1 million barrels last year.

In fact, GDP this year would decline by -1.2% according to the IMF before rebounding in 2018 to 4.8%. Although the oil sector has seen its share shrink trend over the past three years, oil GDP currently accounts for 27.5% of total GDP, the weight of hydrocarbons in the economy remains predominant. Last year, hydrocarbons (oil and gas) accounted for 68% of budget revenues and 58% of exports. In this context, all sectors suffered from the slowdown in activity. This is evidenced by the fall in real estate transactions (-70% in the first half of 2017 compared to the same period last year), the -6.5% drop in ga-the first for 20 years-in the transfer of immigrants ( which represent 15.5% of GDP in Oman), the new reduction in the number of registrations (-7% in one year) or more generally the weak performance of the non-oil sectors, up + 2.5% last year against +6.7% in 2014. To this dependence on oil is coupled a commercial dependence vis-à-vis China, the largest customer by far, the Sultanate with 43.1% of exports and especially 78 % of oil sales.

The anchoring of the rial to the US dollar allowed over the long term to contain the inflation rate, with the exception of 2008 (+ 12.6%), a consequence of the "boom" of commodities. Since then, the inflation rate remains very moderate, standing at + 1.3% on average over the 2009-16 period. Reflecting the economic difficulties of the Sultanate, prices rose on average by only + 1.1% yoy last year. For 2017, the inflation rate should accelerate to +3.2%, taking into account the consequences of the gradual withdrawal of subsidies as a result of increased budgetary requirements (see below).

 2. External and public accounts very degraded

At the external level, while the Sultanate had a current account surplus over a long period, the country recorded a deficit of -15.5% of GDP in 2015, which widened further last year, reaching a record level of -17, 4% ($ 11.5 billion) according to the IMF. Despite this deterioration in external accounts, the result of the collapse of the price of a barrel, the price of a barrel of Omani oil reaching a low point of 34.6 USD per barrel in February 2016, the reserves of the Central Bank increased the year to US $ 20.3 billion at the end of the period, compared with US $ 17.5 billion at the end of 2015. The increase in reserves resulted from government bonds issued by the authorities from June 2016 (US $ 2.5 billion, 1 , USD 5bn in September 2016 and USD 5bn in March 2017), the country returning to the international debt market after 17 years of absence. The increase in reserves reassured the markets about the authorities' ability to maintain the rial's anchoring to the dollar while easing some of the tensions that appeared at the end of 2015 with regard to liquidity.

Whereas traditionally the public balance had a surplus, the fall in prices since mid-2014 and their relative weakness since then, despite the recovery observed from the end of 2016, have resulted in a high public deficit, reaching respectively -15. , 7% of GDP in 2015 and -21.8% last year. While the balanced budget price stands at USD 79 per barrel (according to the IMF), one of the highest thresholds in the region, evidence of still insufficient efforts in reducing and controlling public spending, the public deficit fell by -30.5% yoy in the first half of 2017 in the wake of the rise in oil prices. In the first six months of 2017, the average price per barrel of Omani oil exported was USD 51.8, compared to USD 35 on average in the first half of 2016. For the first six months of 2017, revenues from Oil and gas sales rose respectively by + 46% (OMR 2.17 billion) and + 12.5% ​​(OMR 683 million). Nevertheless, even if the deficit should be reduced this year around -12.3% of GDP, it should remain negative over the next 5 years (between -7% and -9% of GDP per year on average depending on the years ), thereby fueling public debt (and debt service). While this represented less than 5% of GDP in 2014, it now accounts for almost 40% of GDP.

3. Margins of action in terms of economic policies increasingly constrained

 On the monetary side, the difficulties caused by the low prices of hydrocarbons are reflected in a rise in interest rates which, de facto, are closely linked to those of the US Federal Reserve and therefore follow the same bullish trajectory since the decision taken. by the Fed in mid-December 2016 to initiate the gradual process of raising the range of rates. The central bank acts mainly on liquidity, which, after moments of tension between the end of 2015 and mid-2016, has normalized, in the wake of bond issues. Despite this, the payment difficulties remain regular, thus slowing down the successful completion of infrastructure projects.

From the budgetary point of view, the authorities adopted from January 2016 budgetary consolidation measures (reduction of gasoline subsidies, cuts in capital expenditure, doubling of gas tariffs for industrialists, etc.) which have reduced trends the public deficit. However, these measures are still insufficient, while the remaining subsidies still represent 1.8% of the deficit and 3.5% of the Budget. The adjustment process has certainly been initiated, but the Sultanate is still in its infancy, and significant efforts remain to be made to adjust the economy to the increasingly probable hypothesis of a price per barrel of oil. oil at best stabilized around 60 USD. These efforts are likely to be all the more difficult for the Sultanate to achieve, as are the political uncertainties linked to the Sultan's succession (which hinder any decision-making process), as well as the possible new sanctions on the markets, while the In May 2017, S & P downgraded Oman's sovereign rating to a speculative grade, thereby raising the price to be paid to convince investors to buy Omani debt.