تعبير برجراف مقال نبذة سيرة انشاء تقرير
موضوع برزنتيشن فقرة
،بحث كامل نبذة عن العالم قصة حياة معلومات
بالانجليزي من هو مؤلفات انجازات فلسفة بحث جاهز باللغة الانجليزية علماء عرب ..
أبرز كتب ومؤلفات The story
بحث نشأة وحياته علوم العلوم
الفلكية علم الأحياء علم النبات الفلسفة ومترجم موضوع انجليزي
عن عالم مشهور موضوع انجليزي عن العالم معلومات مختصرة موضوع تعبير عن شخص
مشهور بالانجليزي قصير تعبير عن قدوتي معلومة عن مختصرة
الكتب انجازات وفاة مسيرته حياته علمه
تلامذته باختصار مترجم العالم
جابر بن حيان بن عبد الله الأزدي عالم مسلم عربي
جابر بن حيان نشأة جابر بن حيان دراسات جابر بن حيان دراسة علم الكيمياء دراسة علم الفلك نبذة مختصرة عن جابر بن حيان
جابر بن حيان أبو الكيمياء
بحث عن جابر بن حيان باللغه الانجليزيه
jabir ibn hayyan انجازات
جابر بن حيان تاريخ وفاة جابر بن حيان جابر بن حيان اسمه نشاته انجازاته مولده
تعليمه وفاته العلم الذي برع فيه جابر بن
حيان جابر بن حيان the invention of verity مولد جابر
بن حيان القاب جابر بن حيان
جابر بن حيان the
invention of verity مولد
جابر بن حيان التاريخ والمكان
انجازات العالم جابر بن حيان في الكيمياء تعليم جابر بن حيان وتحصيله العلمي
وفاة جابر بن حيان اختراعات
جابر بن حيان متى توفي جابر بن حيان
قائمة بعلماء مسلمين ونبذة عن تخصصاتهم قائمة من
العلماء والباحثين من العالم الإسلامي
ترجمة و معنى علماء بالإنجليزي
العلماء المسلمين بالانجليزي
برجراف عن العلماء بالانجليزي
موضوع عن عالم مشهور باللغة الانجليزية
علماء الادب الانجليزي
بحث عن عالم بالانجليزي
علماء اللغة الانجليزية
THESE MUSLIM SCIENTISTS OCCULT BY
THE WEST
Who are these Scientists, whose
names seem Latin: Albategnius, Algoriti, Alchindius, Avempace, Averroes,
Avicenna, Geber, Rhases, Aboulcassis, Alpharabius, Azophi, Dreses ... ???
Here are some of those Muslim
scientists from whom the West latinized their names to appropriate their
discoveries.
Averroes or Ibn Rochd of Cordova
(1126-1198) is a philosopher, Islamic rationalist theologian, lawyer,
mathematician and Muslim doctor, Andalusian of Arabic language of the 12th
century. He was born in Cordoba, Andalusia, died in Marrakech, Morocco. It is
said Ibn Rochd but it is better known in the West under its Latinized name of
Averroes. His work is recognized in Western Europe, of which he is, according
to some, "one of the spiritual fathers" for his comments of
Aristotle. Some even describe him as one of the founding fathers of secular
thought in Western Europe.
Avempace or Ibn Baja is a
philosopher, doctor, astronomer, geometer, musician and Andalusian poet, born
in Zaragoza around 1085, and died poisoned in Fez around 1138 after a passage
by Oran In the West, his Latinized name is Avempace. A universal spirit,
musician, composer, poet, scientist and vizier, he wrote several books, such as
the Letter of Farewell, the Epistle of the Conjunction of the Agent Intellect
with Man and the Regime of the Solitary. He also composed popular songs and
poems, and studied mathematics, astronomy, and botany.
Avicenna, or Ibn Sīnā, born in
980 in Afshéna, near Bukhara, (now in Uzbekistan) and died in 1037 in Hamadan,
is a philosopher, writer, doctor and medieval Persian scientist. He was
interested in many sciences, including astronomy, alchemy, chemistry and
psychology. His disciples called him Sheikh el-Rais, prince of the learned, the
greatest of the doctors, the Master par excellence.
Geber, or Jabir ibn Hayyan
al-Bariqi al-Azdi (born around 721 in Tus in Iran - died in 815 in Kufa, Iraq),
was a Muslim alchemist of Persian origin. In France, it is best known in the
Latinized form of its name: Geber. He is considered the father of chemistry for
being the first to practice alchemy in a scientific way. As a young man, Jabir
was sent to Baghdad to study the Koran and mathematics. His work constituted
significant advances both theoretically and experimentally. He is credited with
a large number of now-existing chemical laboratory equipment and processes, as
well as the discovery of chemicals such as hydrochloric acid and nitric acid,
distillation and crystallization, which became the foundations of modern
chemistry and chemical engineering.
Albategnius or Al-Battani (ca
855-923) was an astronomer and mathematician from southeastern Anatolia born in
Harran, Turkey. It is sometimes referred to as the "Ptolemy of the
Arabs".
Al-Battani worked in Syria,
Ar-Raqqa and Damascus where he died. His major work, Kitāb az-Zīj al-Sabi (the
"Book of Sabean Tables") has greatly influenced European astronomy. A
lunar crater bears the name Albategnius in his honor.
In Astronomy: He corrected some
calculations of Ptolemy and he produced new tables for the Sun and for the
Moon, which have long been authoritative. He also dealt with the division of
the celestial sphere. He discovered the movement of the apogee of the Sun,
calculated the values of the precession of the
equinoxes (54,5 "per year) and the inclination of the terrestrial axis (23
° 35 ').
In Mathematics: He introduced the
use of the sinus in calculations, and in part that of the tangent, thus forming
the basis of modern trigonometry.
He used al-Marwazi's ideas on
tangents (or "shadows") to develop methods for calculating tangents
and cotangentes, and he drew up some tables.
Alchindius, or Abu Yūsuf Ya'qūb
ibn Isḥāq al-Kindī (801 to Kufa-873 in Baghdad) is
considered one of the greatest Muslim philosophers. After studying in Basra and
Baghdad, he benefited from the patronage of the three Abbasid mu'tazilite
caliphs (including Al-Ma'mūn). Al-Kindi is a complete scholar in a wide variety
of fields: philosophy, mathematics, medicine, music, physics, astronomy.
Algoriti, or Al-Khwarizmi, born
in the 780s, originally from Khiva in the Khwarezm region that gave him his
name, in present-day Uzbekistan, died around 850 in Baghdad, is a
mathematician, geographer, astrologer and Persian astronomer , member of the
Houses of Wisdom whose writings, written in Arabic, have allowed the
introduction of algebra in Europe. His life was entirely in the era of the
Abbasid dynasty.
His name is at the origin of the
word "algorithm" (his name was Latinized in "Algoritmi")
and the title of one of his works at the origin of the word
"algebra". His contribution in mathematics was such that he is also
nicknamed "the father of algebra". Indeed, he was the first to
systematically identify equation solving methods by classifying these
equations.
Rhases, or Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn
Zakariya al-Razi, (865-925) is a Persian multidisciplinary scholar who has
contributed immensely to the fields of medicine, alchemy and philosophy.
Alchemist turned doctor, he would have isolated sulfuric acid and ethanol which
he initiated medical use. With regard to medical practice, he vigorously
defended the scientific approach in diagnosis and therapy and greatly
influenced the design of the hospital organization in connection with the
training of future doctors.
Alpharabius or Fârâbî of his full
name Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarkhan ibn Uzalagh al-Fârâbî is a
medieval Persian philosopher. Born in 872 in Wâsij (present-day Kazakhstan), or
in Faryab (now Afghanistan), he died in Damascus, Syria in 950. He deepened all
the sciences and all the arts of his time, and is called the Second Teacher of
the intelligence.
Aboulcassis, or Abu Al-Qasim born
c. 940 - died in Cordoba in 1013) is one of the greatest surgeons in the Muslim
world, considered the founding father of modern surgery. Abu Al-Qasim was a
doctor at the court of Caliph Al-Hakam II. He devoted his entire life to the
advancement of medicine, especially surgery. His great work, Al-Tasrif (The
Practice) is a medical encyclopedia of thirty volumes that takes stock of
medical knowledge of his time and confronts his personal experience.
The influence Abu Al-Qasim
extends in the West over more than five centuries: Al-Tasrif is translated into
Latin in the 12th century and becomes the medical reference. In the 14th
century, French surgeon Guy de Chauliac referred to Al-Tasrif more than two
hundred times. Pietro Argallata portrays Al-Qasim as "without a shadow of
a doubt the king of surgeons". During the Renaissance, his work is still
quoted, especially by the French surgeon Jacques Daléchamps.
Azophi, or Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi
(903 to 986) is a Persian astronomer. He is at the origin of several
improvements of the stellar catalog of Ptolemy. He discovered the Large
Magellanic Cloud, visible in Yemen but not in Isfahan: the first European to be
able to contemplate it was Magellan during his journey in the 16th century. He
seems to be the first to have observed the Andromeda Galaxy M31.
He calculated more precisely the
duration of the tropical year. He observed and described the stars, their
position, their apparent magnitude, their color, traveling through the
constellation sky constellation. For each of them, he drew two sketches: the
constellation seen from outside the celestial globe, then the same view from
inside the celestial globe, as it can be observed from the surface of the
Earth. Al Sufi found many innovative uses of the astrolabe. The crater Azophi
on the Moon bears his name.
Dreses, or Al Idrissi Abu
Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Ibn Idriss al-Qurtubi al-Hassani,
is a geographer and botanist, born in Sebta, the present Ceuta, circa 1100. He
grew up in Cordoba under the Almoravid Empire, and died around 1165 in Sicily.
Al-Idrisi supported the theory of
the sphericity of the Earth and although his maps are disc-shaped, he explained
that the disc symbolized only the way of the world: "The earth is round
like a sphere, and the water stays there and stays there through the natural
balance that does not undergo change. " As he suggested by his
observations, al-Idrisi thinks that the world is round, not being the only one
to insist on this fact: contrary to the misconception that everyone believed
until Columbus, that the Earth was flat.
إرسال تعليق