بحث عن جابر بن حيان باللغه الانجليزيه

تعبير برجراف مقال  نبذة سيرة انشاء تقرير موضوع برزنتيشن فقرة

،بحث كامل نبذة عن العالم قصة حياة معلومات بالانجليزي من هو مؤلفات انجازات فلسفة بحث جاهز باللغة الانجليزية علماء عرب .. أبرز كتب ومؤلفات The story

بحث نشأة وحياته  علوم العلوم الفلكية  علم الأحياء  علم النبات  الفلسفة ومترجم موضوع انجليزي عن عالم مشهور موضوع انجليزي عن العالم  معلومات مختصرة موضوع تعبير عن شخص مشهور بالانجليزي قصير تعبير عن قدوتي  معلومة عن مختصرة

الكتب انجازات وفاة  مسيرته حياته علمه تلامذته باختصار مترجم العالم 

جابر بن حيان بن عبد الله الأزدي عالم مسلم عربي

 جابر بن حيان  نشأة جابر بن حيان  دراسات جابر بن حيان  دراسة علم الكيمياء  دراسة علم الفلك  نبذة مختصرة عن جابر بن حيان جابر بن حيان أبو الكيمياء

بحث عن جابر بن حيان باللغه الانجليزيه

jabir ibn hayyan انجازات جابر بن حيان تاريخ وفاة جابر بن حيان جابر بن حيان اسمه نشاته انجازاته مولده تعليمه وفاته العلم الذي برع فيه جابر بن حيان جابر بن حيان the invention of verity مولد جابر بن حيان القاب جابر بن حيان

Jabir Ibn Hayyan

A great chemist

Jabir Ibn Hayyan, known in the Middle Ages as the alchemist Geber,

is known as the Father of Chemistry. His name

The whole is Abu Mûsâ Jâbir Ibn Hayyân. He settled

as a leading scientist in practicing medicine and

alchemy at Al-Kufah (Iraq) around 776 AD During his

youth, he was under the protection of Minister Barmaki, during the Caliphate

Abbasid of Haroun Ar-Rachid. Jabir died in 803 AD

The major contribution of Jabir (or Geber) was in Chemistry. he

is famous for writing more than one hundred

twenty-two of which are related to chemistry and alchemy.

He introduced the experimental method in alchemy (word deriving

the Arabic term al-kimmi), thus giving impetus to

Modern chemistry. Jâbir emphasized experimentation and

on the development of methods that would ensure the

reproducibility of its work. He concentrated his efforts on

at the point of basic chemical processes and on the study of

different mechanisms of chemical reactions. He helped

to make chemistry emerge as a science as opposed to

legends of alchemy. Jabir insisted that quantities

defined different substances are involved in

chemical reactions. Therefore, we can say that he opened

the way to the law of conservation of the mass.

His contribution to chemistry, which is of fundamental importance, includes

the development of scientific techniques such as crystallisation,

distillation, calcination, sublimation and evaporation as well as

the development of several instruments to achieve these

experiments. The greatest concrete realization of

Jabir is the discovery of minerals and acids, which he

prepared for the first time in his still (al-imbîq

in Arabic). His invention of the still allowed the distillation process of

become easy and methodical. Among its various breakthroughs,

mention may be made of the preparation of nitric, hydrochloric and citric acids

and tartaric. Jabir's insistence on the experimental method

is of prime importance. It is on the basis of these works that it is

considered the father of modern chemistry. According to

words of Max Mayerhaff, the development of chemistry in Europe can be

directly connected with Jabir Ibn Hayyan.

Jabir pioneered a large number of applied chemical processes.

His contributions include the development of steel, the preparation of

different metals, prevention against corrosion,

the inscription on gold, the use of manganese dioxide for the

manufacture of glass, dyeing fabrics and leather tanning, varnishing

waterproof fabrics, identification of paints and greases.

In addition, he developed the aqua regia for the dissolution of gold.

Jābir's experimental ideas paved the way for

what is now commonly known as classification

elements made of metals, non-metals and substances

volatile. He distinguished three types of substances according to their properties

 :

spirits, that is, substances that vaporize on heating, such as camphor, arsenic and ammonium chloride.

metals such as gold, silver, lead, copper, iron.

compounds that can not be reduced to powder.

Jabir's treatises in chemistry, including his Kitab Al-Kimmi

(The Book of Chemistry) and his Kitab As-Sab'in (The Book

of the Seventy), were translated into Latin in the Middle Ages. The translation of Kitâb

Al-Kîmiâ was published by the Englishman Robert de Chester

in 1144 under the title "The Book of the Composition of Alchemy" (The

Book of the Composition of Alchemy). The second work was translated

by the famous Gerard of Cremona (died in 1187).

Berthelot translated some books of Jabir under the titles "Book

of the Kingdom "," Book of Balances "," Book of Mercury "

Oriental. "It's obvious that he did not pick up the correct titles

for the works of Jabir. The Englishman Richard Russel translated and published

in 1678 another work of Jabir under the title "Sum of Perfection

(Sum of Perfection) He described it as Geber, the

most famous prince and Arab philosopher. These translations were

popular in Europe for many centuries and have influenced

the evolution of modern chemistry. Many technical terms introduced

by Jabir, as alkali, are found in different languages

and are now part of the scientific vocabulary.

Only a few of his writings have been published

and published, while many others preserved in Arabic

have not been translated yet. Jabir also contributed

in other sciences such as medicine and astronomy.