تعبير برجراف مقال نبذة سيرة انشاء تقرير
موضوع برزنتيشن فقرة
،بحث كامل نبذة عن العالم قصة حياة معلومات
بالانجليزي من هو مؤلفات انجازات فلسفة بحث جاهز باللغة الانجليزية علماء عرب ..
أبرز كتب ومؤلفات The story
بحث نشأة وحياته علوم العلوم
الفلكية علم الأحياء علم النبات الفلسفة ومترجم موضوع انجليزي
عن عالم مشهور موضوع انجليزي عن العالم معلومات مختصرة موضوع تعبير عن شخص
مشهور بالانجليزي قصير تعبير عن قدوتي معلومة عن مختصرة
الكتب انجازات وفاة مسيرته حياته علمه
تلامذته باختصار مترجم
موضوع انجليزي عن الخوارزمي بحث عن العلماء باللغة الانجليزية موضوع انجليزي عن عالم مشهور العالم معلومات عن الخوارزمي مختصرة
al khawarizmi biography al-khwarizmi
أبو عبد الله محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي عالم رياضيات وفلك مسلم يكنى
باسم الخوارزمي وأبو جعفر قيل أنه ولد حوالي 164هـ781م (وهو غير مؤكد) وقيل أنه توفي
بعد 232 هـ أوائل
علماء الرياضيات المسلمين حيث ساهمت أعماله بدور كبير في تقدم الرياضيات الخوارزمي
انجازات الخوارزمي اختراعات الخوارزمي الخوارزمي عالم الرياضيات اسمه ونشاته معلومات
عن الخوارزمي بالانجليزي اين ولد الخوارزمي
مؤلفات الخوارزمي بحث عن الخوارزمي كامل تعليمه
وتحصيله العلمي الخوارزمي
الخوارزميات
We owe a lot to al-Khwarizmi, who
probably does not have the celebrity he deserves in Europe. We owe him nothing
less than our decimal system of numeration, and two fundamental words in the
vocabulary of mathematics, that of Algorithm and that of Algebra. In this last
field he achieves a notable progress, by his systematic treatment of the
equations of degree two.
He represents here the numerous
and valiant cohort of middle-eastern mathematicians, among whom we can mention
Thâbit ibn Qurra (died in 901), Ibn al-Haytham, known as Alhazen (965-1039), al
Karaji, who lived around the year 1000, Omar al-Khayyam (1048-1122), al-Tüsi
(around 1170), al-Samaw'al (died in 1174), and many others ... It turns out
that al-Khwarizmi is chronologically the first of them. He was a member of the
"House of Wisdom" in Baghdad (a kind of research center, one can
think of the "Museum" of Alexandria, which included Euclid and
Eratosthenes).
As the founder of Arabic
mathematics, he was also the introducer in his cultural area of much of India's knowledge of mathematics. He wrote a treatise,
which was not found (but which is known through his translations in Latin), in
which he exposed the Indian decimal system, the methods of calculation in this
system (addition , subtraction, multiplication ...), but also fractions, some
calculations in sexagesimal system, square roots ...
If he gave the Arabs the Indian
knowledge, al-Khwarizmi also offered them to the West, since it was thanks to
the translation of his books in Latin that the Europeans were able to know and
adopt the Indian decimal system, largely perfected in the meantime. by the
Arabs. These translations appeared in Europe only in the twelfth century, under
the significant titles of Dixit Algorizmi ("Al-Khwarizmi said that
..."), or (for the same book) "From Numero Indorum (The Indian Number
), or Liber Alchorismi (the book of Al-Khwarizmi) .This new and magnificent
system of calculation was therefore designated by the Europeans as
"algorism", in homage to the author of these works. al-Khwarizmi was
the messenger of the Indian decimal system, which is now an important element
of universal culture, not only in his own civilization, but also to Europe,
through the Latin translations of his works.
Al-Khwarizmi has another title of
glory, it is to have written a treatise on the equations of the second degree.
These had been known for millennia, for example by the Babylonians, and general
methods of resolution had been given for certain types of them by Euclid. But
it is al-Khwarimi who develops the first a general classification, thanks to a
global vision of the problem. It does not use any literal notation, and all its
resolutions are in "common" language. The unknown is referred to as
"the root" or "the thing". Resolutions are made, not by means
of calculations, but by means of geometric constructions, in the Euclidean
style. The title of his work is Kitab al-jabr wa al-muqabala, which can be
translated as "the book of addition and balance". The work was
translated into Latin in the twelfth century, under the title Algebra (Algebra
in Latin), because the translator kept the Arabic word (the same phenomenon
occurs nowadays for English words like "bug", or " plug-in
", that translators do not have the energy to translate into French). Here
is the origin of one of the most important words of mathematics.
But besides the word, Al-Khwarizmi introduced in Arab countries as
in the West the interest for the discipline itself, awakened also by the works
of Euclid or Diophantus. The Arab successors made remarkable progress in
algebra. It remained only in the Renaissance to solve in a general way the
equation of the third degree before that of degree 5 (impossible resolution, as
Evariste Galois demonstrated).
إرسال تعليق