تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص
جاهز باللغة الانجليزية انشاء
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موضوع انجليزي عن ابدا قصير كيفية كتابة موضوع تعبير باللغة الانجليزية توجيهي
قواعد كتابة تعبير بالانجليزي طريقة سهلة لكتابة تعبير بالانجليزي موضوع تعبير
انجليزي يصلح لكل المواضيع كتابة تعبير بالانجليزي عن نفسك دولة عاصمة كيفية
باللغة الانجليزية كتابة تعبير بالانجليزي عن المستقبل وصف تعبير انجليزي
يصلح لكل المواضيع موضوع انشاء شامل لكل المواضيع موضوع تعبير عربي يصلح لجميع
المواضيع موضوع تعبير انجليزي جاهز برجراف ينفع لاى موضوع تعبير عن وطني نبذة
معلومات عامة my country عن الوطن قصير جدا طويل paragraph presentation اين في اي قاره عاصمة
السياحة مملكة لمحة عن
نقاط الاهتمام الوجهات عادات وتقاليد الشعوب
الشامل قائمة مدن جمهورية the great wall of information برزنتيشن
information
about india بوربوينت
معلومات
عن الهند باللغة الانجليزية
presentation
about india
موضوع
انجليزي عن تاج محل
معلومات
بسيطة عن الهند عن دولة الهند موضوع انجليزي عن الهند سهل
Health
Vaccines & Medications - No vaccinations are required to enter
India, but it is strongly recommended to be immunized against typhoid
(protection for 3 years with Typhim Vi), hepatitis A (immunity of one year with
Havrix, then 10 years with a booster after 6 months), polio (booster every 5
years) and tetanus (booster every 10 years). You may need to provide proof of
your yellow fever vaccination if you arrive from an infected area. Other
possible vaccines, including long-stay vaccines, include meningitis, rabies,
and Japanese encephalitis B. There is no immunization against dengue fever,
which can be caught in India; the only protection is to avoid bites.
For minor problems, take a first aid kit containing anti-diarrhea,
various antibiotics, aspirin and sterile needles; possibly plan drugs for
throat infections and allergies. Do not forget your usual treatments, as well
as contraceptives and condoms, sometimes hard to find.
Add dressings, antiseptic cream and purifying tablets for water.
To prevent infections, clean and disinfect immediately any cut, even
superficial. On site, you will find rehydrating powdered preparations (such as
Vijay Electrolyte), containing mineral salts and dextrose, to dissolve in water
- an ideal supplement, especially in summer or in case of diarrhea. A
substitute solution is to mix a teaspoonful of salt and sugar in 500 ml of
water.
Malaria - This disease transmitted by the anopheles (mosquito) is
very serious and potentially fatal. In India, there are two common strains, P.
falciparum and P. vivax . The symptoms, which are similar to those of a strong
influenza (fever, diarrhea and / or muscle pain, tremors), can appear until one
year after the departure of the infected zone. If in doubt, consult a doctor as
soon as possible.
The risk is lower in large cities than elsewhere in the country
(map of affected areas on www.fitfortravel.scot.nhs.uk/destinations/
malariamaps / india.htm). Prophylaxis is not always recommended (avoid over
2500 m); talk to a doctor before you leave.
The usual protection for India is the combination of proguanil
(Paludrine®) daily and chloroquine (Avoclar®, Nivaquine®) once a week. Your
pharmacist will give you information on the correct dosages (usually 200 mg
proguanil / day and 300 mg chloroquine / week). At present, it is the only
treatment possible in the event of pregnancy. Nevertheless, this association is
only 70% effective at best and does not always work in highly affected areas.
You must start treatment one week before departure and then continue for a
month after leaving the country.
Mefloquine (Lariam®) - another weekly treatment option - is not
suitable for people with epilepsy or depression, and there is a lot of
empirical evidence of serious long-term side effects (even if, according to the
medical profession, they do not meet with the combination proguanil /
chloroquine).
Malarone® contains 2 active ingredients that work synergistically:
atovaquone and proguanil. This expensive drug is recommended for travelers to
areas with chloroquine-resistant strains (Assam in particular). Treatment
starts on the day of departure in an endemic area and must continue for 7 days
after leaving the area at risk (a single dose per day).
The best protection - it is radical - is to avoid stings: sleep
under a mosquito net impregnated with permethrin, cover yourself in the evening
and use an effective repellent against insects, such as DEET
(diethyltoluamide). In addition, smoke curlers, sold on site, are also
effective.
Mycoses -
Miliary It often appears due to excessive sweating. Try to keep
the skin dry, use talcum powder and wear loose cotton clothes.
Fungal Infections Common, especially during the monsoon, they are
treated by the exposure to the sun and / or the application of cream.
Insect Bites - Cheap hotels are sometimes infested with bedbugs;
inspect walls and bedding. Beware of leeches that populate the humid jungle
regions. To get rid of it, crack a match, light a cigarette or sprinkle the
unwanted salt.
Diarrhea -
Turista Often caused by mild food poisoning, it can be avoided if
you follow a few precautions: on your arrival, rest the first day and eat only
simple food, such as well-cooked vegetarian dishes, Southern thali and fruits
peeled. The consumption of meat dishes too rich (cooked with oil and spices)
often causes stomach problems especially if you lack rest and do not allow your
body time to acclimatize. Drink a lot (boiled or filtered water only). If in
doubt, stick to sparkling or mineral water and soft drinks from the most common
brands. Avoid ice cubes, usually made with unboiled water. All foods should be
cooked and eaten hot. Flee salads and always peel fruits. In all cases of
diarrhea, including dysentery and giardiasis, it is better to avoid drugs such
as loperamide (Imodium®) and atropine (Lomotil®), which prevent the body from
getting rid of infections. Only use it if you move. In the case of diarrhea and
/ or vomiting, the most important thing is to rehydrate, if possible with a
specific solution based on mineral salts.
Dysentery and Giardiasis More serious forms of intestinal
disorders to treat absolutely, they are characterized by diarrhea lasting more
than 2 days. The dysentery is manifested by diarrhea tinged with mucus and
blood, severe stomach cramps and vomiting. Bacillary dysentery evolves rapidly
and is usually accompanied by fever. It sometimes disappears alone, but the
usual treatment consists of 2 daily doses of 500 mg of ciprofloxacin or
tetracycline for 5 days. Avoid chloramphenicol, a potent antibiotic with
dangerous side effects. In cases of amoebic dysentery, which evolves more
slowly and irreparably damages the intestines, a treatment proves essential. If
in doubt, consult a doctor if possible or take 400 mg metronidazole (Flagyl®)
during meals, 3 times / day for one week. This treatment prohibits the
consumption of alcohol. A similar condition caused by a parasite, giardiasis
only manifests itself after a certain time, like amoebic dysentery. Its
symptoms include very liquid and nauseating diarrhea, bloating, nausea and
stomach cramps. Untreated giardiasis will reappear; the treatment is identical
to that of amoebic dysentery.
Mountain sickness - It can occur beyond 2500 m. Shortness of
breath, palpitations, headaches, insomnia and loss of appetite should alert
you. Total rest usually acclimates after 48 hours. Continue to drink enough (at
least 3 to 4 liters of fluid a day).
In case of moderate sickness, inhaling a few puffs of oxygen into
a filter can cause immediate relief. Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, convulsions,
severe thirst, drowsiness, blurred vision, weakness or hearing difficulties
indicate a severe seizure, caused by too fast ascent or elevation.
The only treatment is to go down to a lower altitude on the spot.
In the absence of treatment, the lack of oxygen can permanently damage the
lungs. Allow a few days of acclimatization before attempting a further climb in
stages. In very serious cases, in addition to an immediate descent, taking 250
mg of actazolamide (freely available in India under the name of Diamox) 2 times
/ day for 3 days can be effective. The fact that you have never suffered from
mountain sickness during previous trips does not put you at risk: this
condition can strike anyone, even healthy people.
At high altitude, 2 other very serious or even fatal conditions
can affect mountaineers: pulmonary and cerebral edema. In the first case, the
lungs are filled with fluid (causing cough with foam, incoherent behavior and
fatigue); the only treatment is to go down immediately. The second causes a
tumescence of the brain (with headaches, hallucinations and disorientation,
then coma); going down on the spot can prevent death. Absorption of 4 mg
dexamethasone 3 times / day results in decreased swelling; however, this
powerful drug is to be administered only under medical supervision or in case
of extreme urgency.
Sun-related disorders - The pernicious nature of a sunburn is now
well known. Cover and apply a high sun protection sunscreen even on cloudy
days. If the effects of the sun seem obvious in the plains and tropical regions
of India, be vigilant in the mountains too, where the rarefaction of oxygen
makes the rays more harmful despite the impression of freshness. Prolonged
exposure may result in the following 2 conditions.
Frequent sunstroke , it is manifested by a weak breathing, a fast
pulse and a certain pallor, often accompanied by leg cramps, headaches or
nausea. Body temperature remains normal. To avoid losing consciousness, lie
cool and drink water mixed with rehydrating salts or table salt.
Heat stroke More serious, it occurs mostly in hot and humid
climates - babies and the elderly are the most exposed. Sudden fever, dry skin,
confused ideas and fainting are the symptoms.
Carry the patient quickly to a cool room, remove his clothes and
cover with a damp cloth or towels soaked in cold water. Call a doctor and
ventilate the patient constantly until the temperature drops to 38 ° C.
Hospitals - In an emergency, you can call an ambulance by dialing
102 or hail a taxi or rickshaw and ask the driver to take you to the nearest
hospital. Of excellent reputation, East West Rescue (www.eastwestrescue.com)
offers medical assistance throughout the country.
security
In general, India is a safe country for tourism. However, a stranger
remains a prime target for thieves and pickpockets. Take the usual precautions:
put money, credit cards, valuables and passports in a money belt or purse tied
with a cord around your neck (in crowded places, put your hand on it - this
will save you a lot of money. hassle).
Do not leave your belongings unattended, especially on beaches.
For your luggage, buy (on site) a solid padlock. Like Indian travelers, tie
your bags to the berths of trains or bus seats. Keep a close watch on your
luggage, especially when loading and unloading.
Fraudulent use of bank cards is a potential risk in India; in
shops and restaurants, make sure payments are made before your eyes.
In a bag other than the one containing your cash and identity
papers, keep a photocopy of the passport and visa, number and receipt of
traveler's checks, details of the plane ticket, references of the insurance
policy and telephone number for claim reporting, as well as a little money for
emergencies. Report any theft immediately to a police station (the procedure
can take hours, be patient).
Some remote areas of
Orissa, Jharkand, and southern Bihar are not safe due to renewed violent
attacks by Maoist groups and extreme poverty.
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