معلومات عن ابن النفيس بالانجليزي

تعبير برجراف مقال  نبذة سيرة انشاء تقرير موضوع برزنتيشن فقرة

،بحث كامل نبذة عن العالم قصة حياة معلومات بالانجليزي من هو مؤلفات انجازات فلسفة بحث جاهز باللغة الانجليزية علماء عرب .. أبرز كتب ومؤلفات The story

بحث نشأة وحياته  علوم العلوم الفلكية  علم الأحياء  علم النبات  الفلسفة ومترجم موضوع انجليزي عن عالم مشهور موضوع انجليزي عن العالم  معلومات مختصرة موضوع تعبير عن شخص مشهور بالانجليزي قصير تعبير عن قدوتي  معلومة عن مختصرة

الكتب انجازات وفاة  مسيرته حياته علمه تلامذته

معلومات عن ابن النفيس بالانجليزي باختصار انجازات ابن النفيس ومترجم الكتب وفاة ابن النفيس كتب  اختراعات ابن النفيس ابن النفيس عبقري الطب ومكتشف الدورة الدموية مكتشف الدّورة الدمويّة الصّغرى، أبو الحسن علاء الدين علي بن أبي الحزم الخالدي المخزومي  القَرشي الدمشقي الملقب بابن النفيس ويعرف أحياناً بالقَرَشي بفتح القاف والراء نسبة إلى قبيلة قريش العربية  نشأته وحياته  إسهاماته العلمية اكتشافه للدورة الدموية الصغرى من أهم مؤلفاته في الطب موضوع عن ابن النفيس بالانجليزي قصة حياة ابن النفيسعبقري الطب العربي  ابن النفيس عالم مسلم مكتشف الدورة الدموية

Alaa Uddine Ali Ibn al-Hazm al-Qurashi, nicknamed Ibn al-Nafis, best known in Arabic literature as al-Qurashi, was an authority in the fields of jurisprudence, logic, theology and in medical writings.

Ibn al-Nafis was born around 1213 in the vicinity of Damascus in Syria. He learned medicine from Dakhour, Chief Medical Officer of Al-Nouri Hospital, as well as from great masters such as Amraan the Israelite and Radi Ed-Dine al-Rehabi.

He had at his disposal a huge library which included among others the works of Rhazes, Avicenna and Maimonides.

He taught, in turn, medicine, and supervised a ward of al-Nouri hospital. He went to Cairo, Egypt, at the age of about 25, at the request of the Sultan, where he spent the rest of his life. As Chief Medical Officer of al-Nassiri Hospital, he passed on his knowledge to many specialists, including the famous surgeon Ibn al-Quff al-Masihi. He also taught at the El Mansouri Hospital (Mansuriya) School in Cairo.

He never married.

His contemporaries gave him the same stature as Ibn Sina in terms of scientific authority and medical knowledge. It is even said that he knew the Canon of Ibn Sina by heart and was imbued with the books of Galen. "To write his works, he was content to write what he retained, based on his experiences, his observations and his discoveries" without returning to any reference.

He had the reputation of being very stunned, often lost in deep thoughts, with at times the need to write hundreds of pages in absolute solitude. We still know that he was very pious and became very rich.

His greatest contribution to medical matters is his personal approach, which includes commentary on ancient works to which he has made his own original assessment.

Adopting dissection as a method of work, Ibn al-Nafis culminated in his major original discovery:

1. Discovery of the blood circulation in the coronary arteries;

2. The blood flow to the lungs to supply them with air and not with food;

3. Lack of air or sediment in the pulmonary arteries (as Galenius claimed), and presence of blood only.

He was the first to correctly describe the lungs, bronchi and the interaction between the vessels and the blood; long before Miguel Servet, to whom this discovery is generally attributed.

"The lungs consist of various parts, one of which is the bronchi, the second is the branches of the pulmonary artery, and the third is the branches of the pulmonary veins, all of which are connected by a loose parenchyma. porous"

"The lungs require a pulmonary artery because it brings them the blood that has been thinned and warmed in the heart so that what seeps through the pores of this vessel's branches to the lung alveoli can mix with the air that The substance obtained is then able to become the spirit after this mixture has gained the left cavity of the heart, and the mixture is carried to the left cavity by the pulmonary veins. "

Ibn al-Nafis revealed the first description of the pulmonary circulation, after that advanced by Galen in the second century and tainted by gross errors (two separate networks: from the liver and the heart, which prohibits any notion of circulation). Ibn al-Nafis postulated that:

"When the blood has been refined in this cavity (the right ventricle of the heart), it is indispensable that it pass into the left cavity where the vital spirits are born, but that there was no direct passage between them. The thick septum of the heart was in no way perforated and did not have visible pores as some people thought, nor pores invisible as imagined by Galen, on the contrary the pores of the heart are closed there. The heart of the heart had to circulate in the arterial vein (our pulmonary artery) to the lungs, then spread in the substance of this organ where it mingled with the air so that its finest part was purified and passed in the venous artery (our pulmonary veins) to arrive in the left cavity of the heart and form the vital spirit. "

"The less refined residue of this blood is used in the feeding of the lung, which is why there are perceptible passages between these two vessels (arteries and pulmonary veins)."

Ibn al-Nafis refutes the errors of his predecessors: the galenical dogma on the inter ventricular communication and the description of the pulmonary circulation:

"The heart has only two ventricles, and there is absolutely no opening between them, and the dissection is opposed to what they pretended, since the septum between these two cavities is much thicker than any other. The interest of this blood (which is in the right cavity) is to reach the lungs, to mix with the air that is there, then to walk through the pulmonary veins to reach the left cavity of the heart. "

He also understood the role of the coronary arteries in the irrigation of the heart muscle:

"Moreover, the postulate [of Avicenna] that the blood on the right side is used to feed the heart is absolutely not true, indeed the nutrition of the heart comes from the blood circulating in the vessels that penetrate the body of the heart ".