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تقرير
جمهورية
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طاجكيستان بالانجليزي
tajikistan
tourism
tajikistan visa إمام علي رحمن طاجكيستان المسافرون العرب
طاجيكيستان
سياحة
ID card
- Capital: Dushanbe
- Party: Independence,
September 9 (1991)
- Main cities: Khodzent,
Kulyab, Kurgan-Tyube, Kanibadam, Tursunzade, Khorogl
Geography
AREA
143,100 km²
CLIMAX
Qullai Kommunizm 7,495 m
CAPITAL CITY
Dushanbe.
GDP
In 2007, US $ 492 per
capita (US $ 36,614 per capita).
CLIMAX
Qullai Ismoili Somoni
(Ismilo Somoni peak, former Stalin peak, then peak of Communism) 7,495 meters.
In the Alaï.
AREA
143,100 km², a little
more than a quarter of France.
CLIMATE
Tajikistan has a
continental climate (large thermal variations), with subtropical, semi-arid or
desert dependencies. Its mountainous character must be taken into account. The
lower parts (the Ferghana Valley, to the north, west and south) are protected from
Siberian air masses by the massifs (they nevertheless know, each year, more
than 100 days of negative temperatures). The average temperature in Dushanbe
(800 m altitude), in January, is of the order of 1 °. It is the winds that
sometimes make these relatively mild temperatures difficult. On the other hand,
the Khorog average (at 2000 m in Pamir) is around -10 ° for January. Winter,
from November to March, and spring, March and April, are snowy and rainy
seasons. Summer is long (May to September), hot and dry. Dushanbe, in August,
30 ° of average temperature; Khorog, 22 °. Spring and autumn (October), even if
brief, are the best seasons to visit the country.
GEOGRAPHY
Tajikistan is a
landlocked country in Central Asia. It borders Kyrgyzstan to the north, China
to the east, Afghanistan to the south, and Uzbekistan to the west and
northwest. 93% mountainous, cut with spectacular gorges and canyons; half of
its area is more than 3,000 m. The Pamir-Alaï system occupies the east of the
country, it constitutes the "roof", up to 7000 m. The Pamir is home
to many glaciers, whose seasonal melting favors lowland agriculture. The
Fedchenko Glacier (700 km²) is the longest in the world, excluding polar lands.
The west has low areas: the fertile Ferghana Valley to the north and the
Kafirnigan and Vakhch valleys to the south. Three parallel chains (western Tian
Shan) separate the lowlands of north and south: the Turkestan, Zeravchan and
Gissar mountains. The Tajik hydrographic network is tight. It is based on two
major rivers. Syr Daria to the north and Amudarya (Panj in its upper course) to
the south. Vakhch and Kafirnigan are two important tributaries of Amu Darya.
Both of these great rivers feed the Aral Sea.
ECONOMY
Geographical
constraints, independence, Soviet heritage, civil war (1992-1997): the economy
is a challenge. The country is the poorest of the CIS; 60% of Tajiks would live
below the poverty line. Yet things are recovering a little. For the period
2000-2004, the increase in GDP was 9.6%; privatizations continue under
acceptable conditions; services are growing (although the sector remains
fragile). Foreign investment, especially Chinese, helps improve infrastructure.
The opening up, inside and outside, of the country being imperative.
International aid, indispensable, however, stumbles on the weak absorption
capacities of the local economic fabric.
Agriculture still
employs 50% of the working population (for 10% of GDP). Cotton production is
two thirds of what it was during the Soviet period. Aluminum is still the
mainstay of the industry. But these exports depend, for their profitability,
prices on international markets.
Despite significant
hydropower potential, Tajikistan is an importer of electricity. It is also food
products (the population-cultivable area ratio is not favorable). The use of
water is one of the challenges of the current period and will have to be
resolved at the regional level.
All this causes a strong
emigration (transfers of migrant workers would represent a third of the GDP).
FAUNA AND FLORA
Tajikistan has a rich and varied fauna. There are large
mountain mammals, such as goats, snow leopards, wolves, yaks, ibexes, wild
boars ... There are also birds of prey, including the magnificent golden eagle.
The sheep Marco Polo, when to him, is sometimes the Arlésienne Tajik wildlife:
living more than 4 000 m, it is difficult to find and its impressive spiral
horns do not point to the first comer ... The flora? It is ... mountain (with a
lot of sagebrush and edelweiss). And then, there are the prosaic cotton fields
of the Dushanbe region ...
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