،بحث كامل نبذة عن العالم قصة حياة معلومات بالانجليزي من هو مؤلفات انجازات فلسفة بحث جاهز باللغة الانجليزية
علماء عرب .. أبرز كتب ومؤلفات
بحث نشأة وحياته علوم العلوم الفلكية علم الأحياء
علم النبات الفلسفة ومترجم موضوع انجليزي
عن عالم مشهور موضوع انجليزي عن العالم معلومات
مختصرة موضوع تعبير عن شخص مشهور بالانجليزي قصير تعبير عن قدوتي معلومة
عن مختصرة
الكتب انجازات وفاة مسيرته حياته علمه تلامذته
محمد بن عبد الله بن محمد
اللواتي الطنجي المعروف بابن بَـطُّوطَة (ولد في 24 فبراير 1304 - 1377م بطنجة)
(703 - 779هـ) هو رحالة ومؤرخ وقاض وفقيه مغربي أمازيغي عربي مسلم لقب بـأمير الرحالين المسلمين مختصرة انجازات رحلات وفاة
قصة ابن بطوطه مختصر تقرير بطوطة يُعتبر الرحّالة المغربي ابن بطوطة من أكثر
الشخصيات صفات وصف ابرز ما اشتهر به ابن بطوطة متى توفي ابن بطوطة لماذا سمي ابن بطوطة
سيرة ابن بطوطة Ibn
Battuta
The story of Ibn Battuta
Ibn BATOUTA
1304-1369 (?)
Abu 'Abd Allah
Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al-Lu'ti At-Tanji, said Ibn
Batuta. The most famous Tangierois of all time was traveler, pilgrim, explorer,
globetrotter, ambassador, jurisconsult, courtier ... In short, a curious
scholar and open to the world.
He was born in
Tangier on the 17th of Rajab 703 (February 24, 1304). At the age of 22, the
inexperienced young man goes on pilgrimage to Mecca. This will be the beginning
of one of the most extraordinary journeys of all time!
On June 14, 1325,
Ibn Batouta left Tangier to travel the longest distance (116,800 km) that was
covered before Magellan (2 centuries later): 29 years of adventures in regions
corresponding to 44 countries today!
North Africa
(1325), Egypt (1326), Palestine and Syria (1326), Medina and Mecca (1326), Iraq
and Persia (1326-1327), South Arabia , Yemen and East Africa (1328-1330), Asia
Minor and Constantinople (1330-1331), Southern Russia and Central Asia
(1332-1333), Muslim India (1334-1341), the Maldives and Ceylon (1342-1344),
Sumatra and China (1345-1346).
After returning
to Tangiers (1346-1349), he returned to Andalusia (Grenada) and traveled to the
Kingdom of Morocco and the Sahara (1349-1350), West Africa (1351-1353).
He returned to
Fez in 1353. The Merinid Sultan Abu 'Inan ordered him to dictate his
recollections to Ibn Juzayy, the prince's secretary. The travelogue entitled
"Present to those who like to think about the sights of cities and the
wonders of travel." is better known as "Rihla".
The figure of Ibn
Batuta is often compared to the more famous Marco Polo, Venetian trader who
explored China and Mongolia in the 13th century (1261-1269: first trip to China
and 1271: second trip to Mongolia). However the differences between the two
characters are notable. If Marco Polo and his brothers explored for commercial
reasons lands unknown to their fellow citizens, Ibn Batouta was interested
primarily in Muslim countries and traveled for intellectual reasons (which did
not prevent him from traveling a much greater distance than his illustrious
predecessor!).
Ibn Batouta is
the only known medieval traveler to have visited the countries of each Muslim
ruler of his time. He was the only one to have known all of Dar El Islam of his
time! Its maritime stages show that 14th century Muslims dominated maritime
activity in the Red Sea, the Arabian Gulf, the Indian Ocean and the China Sea.
The date of Ibn
Batuta's death is not known with certainty. It is located around 1369. There is
Tangier, a small mausoleum in his memory. If we do not count the number of
buildings, streets, boats, newspapers, magazines, websites ... that bear his
name, it is never mentioned in the Western textbooks but also in the Arabic
textbooks! Yet his contribution to 14th century geography is fundamental. Let's
hope that this injustice will be repaired one day ...
Oussama Zekri
A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
IBN BATOUTA
by Lotfi AKALAY
The tales of Ibn
Batuta's travels were dictated to Ibn Jouzay, Grenadin, secretary of the
Marinid king Abu Inan. Its writing lasted 3 months and was completed on
December 9, 1355 in Fez. The autograph manuscript is deposited in Paris at the
National Library under codex 907 (Arabic 291, 110 folio). Other manuscripts
exist in Constantine, Qarawiyyine of Fez and Spain. Experts agree that the
manuscript of the National Library is the most authentic.
After Ibn Jouzay,
radio silence long before the invention of X-rays and the FM band.
The first
translation was made in French by Defréméry and Sanguinetti, published in 4
volumes in Paris between 1953 and 1858, reproduced by Anthropos in 1968. The
French translation served to Sir Hamilton Gibb for an English edition in 2
volumes.
Ibn Batouta is
published by Anthropos, bilingual version, out of print but available
booksellers.
Editions La
Découverte, ex-Maspéro, 3 volumes with well-documented notes.
Editions of La
Pléiade with a new translation.
Editions Le
Fennec (Casablanca), my book is a redacted rewrite of all that can not interest
a reader in a hurry, written in my own way in a simple style in 330 pages.
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