agricultural development in sudan
agricultural development in sudan
Future Impact of Global Marketing of Sudan Organic Foods on Development and Farmer’s Standard of Living :
It is a fact that organically cultivated foods usually fetch higher prices than those conventionally produced. According to supply and demand rules higher prices do occur when the demand for a commodity is more than its supply. The global demand for organic foods is annually increasing due to consumers awareness of their value and benefits. USA organic sales from 1990 through 1996 showed sales growing 20 -25% annually reaching US$ 3.8 billions in 1996 .The global size of the markets for organic foods is estimated to reach US$ 80 billions in 2008 . It is also estimated to reach US$ 30 billions by 2005 in six counties namely, France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, UK and USA. This simply means that organic foods produced in the proposed Sudan programme of organic agriculture will find a good global market.
In the year 2000, Sudan exported 20 plant and livestock food products as conventionally cultivated foods reaching US$305.7 millions (Appendix-2). An internet survey for international prices of some organically produced agricultural foods revealed that the difference in price between conventionally and organically produced foods ranges between 38% - 120 %, (appendix- 3) average of 79% increase. This percentage increase in price would be applicable to Sudan agricultural exports if those products were marketed as organic foods. Then they would have obtained total national revenue of US$ 547.2 millions, i.e., an increase of US$ 241.5 millions.
In fact those agricultural food products were organically grown but not officially certified by any internationally recognized organization accredited such certification.
It is a clear fact that organically grown food in the proposed programme, will have a wide-open door in the international market reaching much higher prices and consequently more national revenue. Farmers cultivating those food products will also get more income, which will be positively reflected on their standard of living. More national revenue means more money available for solving pertaining problems hindering Rural Development. As mentioned above, the purposed regions of the future organic agriculture programme are rural areas where basic services are urgently required. Thus improved financial conditions of the farmers in addition to the huge increase in the national revenue will be positively shown on the provision of these services by the government.
In conclusion, the potential size of organic foods in both traditional and mechanized rain-fed practices or even in the irrigated practice will be very great. Marketing such large amounts of organic foods will make Sudan a prominent figure in the international market of these products. It will also attract global investors to agricultural production of such crops.
Moreover, the contribution of the agricultural sector in the national income will consequently be increased leading to more development of the country and better standard of living of farmers cultivating these crops.
Appendix (1)
Crops and Crop groups Cultivated in Sudan
Fiber crops cereals Oil crops Horticultural crops Pulse crops Sugar crops Forage crops Miscellaneous crops
(A) fruits (B) vegetables
Cotton Sorghum Groundnuts Mangoes Potatoes Cow pea Sugar- cane Lucerene Coffee Coffee spp.
Jute Millet Sesame Citruses Sweet potatoes Haricot bean
(French bean) Sugar-beet Sudan grass Tea
Camellia sinensis
kenafe Wheat Sunflower Dates Cassava Broad bean (Egyptian bean) Phippicera Tobacco
Corn Cotton seed Melon Onions Pigeon pea Abu sabeen Gum arabica
Rice Water melon Okra lentils Dolichos lablab
Guava Eggplants
Banana Jew's mallow
Paw paw Purslane
Pine-apple Tomatoes
Chili
Source: The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Directorate of Agricultural Economics and Planning.
Appendix (2)
Sudan National Revenue of
Some Sudan Agricultural
Products Exports (1999 – 2000)
No Products Revenue sold as Conventional*
(US$1000) Revenue sold as Organic79% **
(US$1000) Revenue Increase
Difference
(US$1000)
1 Gum Arabic 16042 28715.2 12673.2
2 Talh gum 2340 4188.6 1848.6
3 Sesame 146920 262986.8 116066.8
4 Groundnuts 5421 9703.6 4282.59
5 Kerkade 17987 32196.7 14209.7
6 Water melon seed 12608 22568.3 9960.3
7 Cassia senna 788 1410.5 622.5
8 Hinna 636 1138.4 502.4
9 Sorghum 10112 18100.5 7988.5
10 Vegetables 07 12.5 5.5
11 Fruits 3450 6175.5 2725.5
12 Loban Gum 312 558.5 246.5
13 Sheep 60555 108393.5 47838.5
14 Goats 338 605 267
15 Cattle 161 288.2 127.2
16 Camels 5324 9530 4206
17 Antelopes 084 150.4 66.4
18 Red meats 17677 31642 13965
19 Fish 179 320.4 141.4
20 Gum Arabic powder 4776 8549 3773
Total 305717 547233.6 241516.6
*Actually sold as conventional foods.
** If were sold as organic foods.
Appendix (3)
Difference in Price between Conventional
and Organic Foods
No Years Crops Conventional
price/ unit Organic
price/unit Difference
in price % increase
in price
1 1996-2000 Carrots 11.10 24.45 13.35 120.27
2 1999 Green peas 26.75 36.96 10.21 38.17
3 2000 Bananas 13.53 21.55 8.02 59.27
4 2000 Orange 11.76 19.17 7.50 64.27
5 2001 Mangoes 11.00 16.00 5.00 83.33
Source: US Department of Agricultural Marketing Services (Internet search).
المراجع العربية :
1- التقرير الإستراتيجي السوداني (2002م) القطاع الزراعي المركز الاستراتيجي الخرطوم- السودان.
2- مصادر السودان المائية والدول المجاورة - وزارة الري السودانية, أكتوبر (2002م), اتصال شخصي.
3- تصدير الكركدي وتسويق صادراته, ورشة تنمية و إنتاج وتسويق الكركدي- تقديم يوسف عبد الكريم إدارة الصادرات وزارة التجارة الخارجية (2003م) الخرطوم – السودان.
4- مشروع إنتاج خال من الكيماويات, اكتوير2000 م – تقديم الحاج مكي علي عووضة مستشار شركة (Organic Production co.Sudan).
References:
- Awouda, H.M and Dinngle M.A (2001) Introduction of Organic Agriculture In Sudan (paper).
- Awouda, H.M (2001) Workshop on future of Organic Agriculture in Sudan (paper).
- Codex Alementarious (1998): Guideline for the future production, processing and labeling of organic produced food. ALINORM G7/22 A Ottawa/ Rome.
- Global Organic Scale (Internet search) www. Organic monitor .com.
- Introduction of Organic Agriculture In the tropic and subtropics (internet search) www.ams.usda.gov/nop/NOP/ standards .html.
- Internet Search (Prices for organic and conventional Carrets California University, Boston wholesale Market, monthly, 1995-2001.US.Department of Agricultural Marketing Services.
- Internet Search (Boston wholesale fruit Prices organic and conventional US. Department of Agricultural Marketing Services (1999-2001).
- Internet search (ERS/USDA Briefing room- Organic farming and Marketing –Questions an Answer.
- Organic Farming (,internet search) www.ams.usda.gov/nop/NOP/ standards .html
- Otto Schmidt, Ruth Lavisolo. The Department of Codex Allimentarious Guidelines of Organic Food Production.
- USA News Release. ( Internet search) (2002) www.ams.usda.gov /no p.
- Wright, S. (2002) Organic Articles, International Food Ingredient (July/August /2002 Edition of International Food Ingredient (PP 1-2) Internet search.