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Mohammed Al-Khwarizmi (circa 780 [Khiva, Uzbekistan] - circa 850 [Baghdad])

 

Mohammed ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi is the first of the Persian mathematicians, and arguably the best known. He lived in Baghdad during the splendor of the Abbasid dynasty. The reigning caliph al-Mamum encourages the sciences and the arts. He created the first permanent observatory in the world, he founded a house of wisdom where al-Khwarizmi and others translated Greek scientific and philosophical texts, and from them studied astronomy, algebra and geometry.

 

The first merit of al-Khwarizmi is to have been a formidable conveyor of knowledge. He introduced Indian mathematical knowledge, in particular the decimal number system, into his cultural area. The Latin translation of his work Algorithmi de numero indorum allowed the transmission of this knowledge into the West of the 12th century. Moreover, the word Algorithmi, Latin translation of al-Khwarizmi, gave our "algorithm".

 

Al-Khwarizmi is also one of the pioneers of algebra. In his treatise, Kitab al jabr w'al muqabalah, he systematically treats quadratic equations. Using al jabr, literally replacing, he transforms a subtraction in one limb into an addition in the other limb, while al muqabalah, literally swaying, amounts to removing in both limbs the addition of 'the same term. He thus reduces all the quadratic equations to six equations that he knows how to solve. In the purest Euclidean tradition, he completes these algebraic methods with geometric resolutions. It is the term al jabr, which, translated into Latin as algebra, gave our word algebra.