موضوع بالانجليزي عن ماري كوري
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Biography
The future Marie Curie was born Maria Sklodowska on November 7, 1867 in an old quarter of Warsaw. Her father is a math and physics teacher and her mother is a schoolteacher. The discovery of the philosophy of Auguste Comte, the founder of positivism and sociology, will strengthen his passion for physics and mathematics. Her family having become penniless, and access to scientific studies being unusual for a woman at that time, her decision to pursue a scientific career will confront her with many difficulties. Marie left Poland for France in 1891. She studied mathematics by taking courses from two renowned mathematicians, Paul Painlevé and Paul Appell, as well as physicists Léon Brillouin and Gabriel Lippmann. The latter, very impressed by Marie's qualities, obtained for her the commission of a study on the magnetization of different types of steel. But the researcher, who also obtained a degree in mathematics, lacks knowledge about the magnetism of matter, and this will lead her to obtain information from one of the greatest specialists of the time: Pierre Curie.
She will hesitate to accept Pierre Curie's marriage proposal, thinking for a time that she will have a post at the university in Poland where she had returned. She will reconsider her decision and the couple will get married on July 26, 1895, in Sceaux. From this union was born in 1897 Irène Curie who, like her mother, won a Nobel Prize in chemistry. The same year, she undertook research on a new phenomenon that Henri Becquerel had just highlighted, having chosen this subject for his doctoral thesis. This new phenomenon will be baptized by Marie with the name of radioactivity. Joined in 1898 by Pierre Curie who abandoned his research on piezoelectricity, they announced the same year that they had succeeded in extracting tons of this mineral from two new radioactive elements, radium and polonium. This discovery earned them the award of the 1903 Nobel Prize with Becquerel. Pierre Curie died of a street accident in 1906. Marie Curie replaced Pierre as professor at the Sorbonne, a great first for the time. In 1909, she was appointed full professor in her chair of general physics, then of general physics and radioactivity.
In 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in chemistry and was the only woman present at the legendary Solvay congress that same year. There, she will chat with Ernst Rutherford and a young rising star in theoretical physics, Albert Einstein, with whom she will remain linked. During the First World War, Marie Curie was very involved in making the new technique of radiography available on the front, in order to help surgeons locate and then extract metal fragments from the body of the wounded. His daughter Irene, aged only 18, will assist him.
After the war, her example will be of great help in the various struggles for the cause of women, in particular of course in the field of science. She will become a media figure in the United States, where she will campaign to raise funds for scientific research with radium. Unfortunately, the long hours of exposure to radioactive substances before we really know the danger will lead to deterioration of his health. She develops leukemia.
She went to the sanatorium of Sancellemoz in Haute-Savoie in 1934 where she died on July 4.
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