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Albert Einstein

 

BIOGRAPHY ALBERT EINSTEIN - German physicist, author of the famous formula E = mc², Albert Einstein enjoys international renown. His theories on special and general relativities have turned the world of physics upside down.

 

 

 

Short biography of Albert Einstein - Born in Ulm, Germany on March 14, 1879, Albert Einstein grew up in a Jewish family without much religious fervor. Musician, his mother gives him a taste for music, while his father and uncle awakens in him a love of mathematics. Despite an insatiable curiosity for certain areas, his teachers remain skeptical about him. True, he excelled in mathematics, but performed poorly in all other subjects. In addition, his dyslexia, which handicaps him until he is ten years old, does not make his task easier. Somehow, Einstein continued his education in the Gymnasium (German high school), where the rigid and military education then provided did little to strengthen his love of school.

 

At that time, his parents, by an unfortunate return of fortune, were forced to leave the country for Italy. Albert Einstein joined them there for a year, before finishing his studies. He then aspires to integrate the Polytechnic of Zurich. Despite a first failure, he was finally accepted there in 1896. However, his results remained disappointing. In 1900, he obtained his license. But, without a recommendation from his professors, Einstein could hardly aspire to academic positions. After a period of unemployment, he applied for Swiss nationality and, from 1902, worked as an expert at the Federal Patent Office in Bern. His schedule allows him to focus on physics work, a subject for which he is still passionate.

 

Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity

After his marriage to the physicist Mileva Maric in 1903, he continued the research that was close to his heart. These lead to the drafting of four fundamental and revolutionary articles, published in 1905 in the German journal Annalen der Physik. After providing theoretical explanations of the photoelectric effect (nature of light) and then of Brownian motion (molecular motion), Einstein dwells on one of the great physical problems of the time. Indeed, between the contradictory theories of classical mechanics of Newton and of electromagnetics of Maxwell, the discipline is at an impasse.

 

In an article entitled "On the electrodynamics of moving bodies", Einstein finally provides the solution to reconcile the two hypotheses. For this, the physicist starts from two principles: the speed of light is constant in a vacuum, whatever its source; the physical laws of relativity apply in the same way in an inertial frame of reference (that is to say in a constant medium, without acceleration or change of direction: two frames of reference are in uniform rectilinear motion with respect to the other). These two conditions posed, he can then prove that space and time are relative to each of the inertial reference points of the observers. This is the special theory of relativity.

 

He completed it a little later with a last article in which he presented his formula E = mc² (allowing to translate an equivalence between mass and energy, "c" being the speed of light in vacuum). This relationship will have many applications and consequences, both theoretically and practically, particularly in nuclear physics. Initially, his work was not unanimous but opened the way to scientific recognition. He also obtained an accreditation at the University of Bern in 1909 and then a teaching post at the University of Zurich in 1910.

 

Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity

As the name suggests, special relativity cannot be applied in a general way. Also, from 1907, Einstein devoted a large part of his research to proposing explanations which do not apply only to the case of an inertial frame of reference but in all circumstances. However, such work requires particularly advanced knowledge of mathematics, which it lacks. From 1912, he taught at the Zurich Polytechnic and met one of his former comrades: Marcel Grossmann. Thanks to the scientific help of the latter, Einstein can finally progress in his research.

 

Despite an error that paralyzed him for three years, he finally managed to develop a concrete theory. He then claims that within the phenomenon of gravitation, mass influences the geometric properties of space-time. In other words, the mass deforms a locality of space. All body