مقال صحفي

Word Study

مقال صحفي

article :     جزء           الكتابة   

              A piece of writing in a newspaper. جريدة

مقترض   

borrower :     شخص            يقترض

                 A person who borrowsmoney .

يمكّن   

enable ; يجعل      شخص    قادر على

              Make someone able to do something عمل شيء

ضخم / هائل

enormous :

                 Huge ; very big .

صداقة   

friendship ;   شعور             

                   The feeling between friends . أصدقاء

منجم

mine ;    مكان     تحت         الأرض   حيث    

           A place under the ground where we get coal . فحم 

العالم الثالث   

Third World ;               النامية     

                      All the developing countries. كل الدول النامية

needy :  Poor  محتاج – فقير

                                                                   Verbs

 

a mine     منجم                        a borrower               مقترض    a dozen                         درزن a loan                         قرض   a labourer عامل                     lent أقرض                             piped                    في مواسير

enabled   مكّن                         constructed   شيد                   repaid   يعيد دفع                       enormous   ضخم                    fortunately  لحسن الحظ           financial    مالي / مادي           beneath                        أسفل

needy   محتاج                          rubber                        مطاط aid                   مساعدة / معونة standard of living   مستــــــــوى المعيشة friendship  الصداقة                   alms                            الزكاة

                                                                                                                            قرض

1-I wanted to buy a new car but I didn't have enough  money . So, I had to get a loan from the bank .  

                                                                                     منشفة                   درزن

2-Mrs. Smith bought a dozen new towels for the bathroom .

                                                           فضة                                                               منجم

3-There is a mine near Buraidah which is full of silver

                              عامل           يحفر

4-They paid a labourer to dig a new water well .

                                                                                                كتب                   مستعير 

5-I am often a borrower  of books from the library .

                          يقود                                     يمكن من

6-The bridge between Bahrain and Saudi Arabia has enabled  people to drive between the two countries .

                                                                                             سد                               شيدت  

7-The Saudi government has constructeda large dam near Abha .

                                        يعيد دفع                                                                          المال  

8-He borrowed money from the bank last year but he has repaid it already . the bank had got it all back .

                                                                                       المال                    أقرض

9-Khaled's uncle has lent him the money to build a new house .

                                                           آبار                          ضخ في مواسير  

10-The irrigation projects has piped water from the wells to the fields .

                                                                                     الثاني                  أسفل         

The first floor of a building is always beneaththe second floor .

                                                                                    محتاجون        الطعام 

He was a good man . He always gave food to needyfamilies .  

                                                           ضخم                           ضخم

The new airport at Riyadh is enormous . It covers a huge area .

                                                                                                         خرج                    لسوء  الحظ     

I had fortunately just got out of my car when the truck hit it .

                                                                         مالية                                                بنك  

He asked his bank manager for some financial advice .

                                             معونة                                                                                            فقيرة

The poor country does not have enough money . It needs  aid from richer countries  .

                                               منخفض                                                                  مستوى المعيشة

The standard of living in many Third World countries is low .

                         الصداقة                     رمز

The bridge between Saudi Arabia and Bahrain is a symbol of their friendship .

                                                                                      ركن                                              الزكاة

Giving alms to the poor is the third pillar of Islam .

                                                                                        المطاط                                       إطارات 

The tyres on a car are made of rubber

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Questions and answers

What is Arab Aid ? ما هي المعونات العربية  

                                        كل أنحاء العالم                      الدول  المحتاجة           تُعطَى                   مالية 

It is a financial help given to needy countries all over the world .

Who is Arab Aid given by ?  من الذي يمنح المساعدات العربية 

Arab Aid is given by wealthy Gulf countries دول الخليج الغنية

How is Arab Aid used ? كيف تستخدم المعونات العربية 

It is used to help poorer countries develop themselves . لتطوير نفسها 

What is Arab Aid used in ? فيم تستخدم المعونات العربية  

                                     بيوت          فنادق    مستشفيات    سدود       جسور          مباني           تستخدم في

Arab Aid is used in building bridges , dams hospitals,hotels  homes .It is also used in

                                                                 قنوات  الري                  المصانع             المناجم         الطرق     بناء

building roads , mines , factories and irrigation canals .

Why is Arab Aid given ?  لماذا تُمنح المعونات العربية

       ديني                       أيضا                      كل أنحاء العالم               لتكوين أصدقاء                     المعونة العربية

Arab Aid is given to make friends all over the world . it is also given as a religious duty .  واجب

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Arab Aid

                     في كل أنحاء العالم       دول     فقيرة                         مادة

           Arab Aid is a financial help given to needy countries all over the world . It is

              سدود        كباري      بناء                                         دول الخليج        الغنية  

given by wealthy Gulf countries . Arab Aid is used  in building bridges , dams

                   مصانع        مناجم      طرق                                           منازل      فنادق      مستشفيات

hospitals, hotels  homes .It is also used in building roads , mines , factories and

                                                                     لتكوين                                  قنوات الري 

irrigation canals . Arab Aid is given to make friends all over the world . it is also

                                                                                                  واجب  ديني  

given as a religious duty .

The present perfect tense

Formation :

                          Have  - has + P.P.

I                                                                      He                                                               

We                                                                  She                                has

You                        have                                 It

They                                                               singular    

plural

Meaning :

                   To express an action began in the past and finished    .

                                                

                    Past                          now                                  future

I have packed my suites .

He has written the letter .

My friends have already prepared lunch .

                  منذ     وقت   قصير        انتهى             الماضي            بدأ       حدث          

2-To express an action began in the past and finished a very short time ago .   

         

                Past                                  now                                  future    

I have just eaten my lunch .

He has just arrived home .

Key words :

              already بالطبع   -  just  توا   - yet  حتى الآن   - lately مؤخرا  – recently حديثا

                       since  منذ   -for  لمدة – ever – never مطلقا     

1- already

تأتي في الوسط بين have                       written       أو في نهاية الجملة

They have already painted the room .

They have painted the room already .

2- just

 

تأتي في الوسط بين have                         written       

He has just gone out .

We have just written homework.

She has just cooked the food .

3-recently/ lately

تأتي في نهاية الجملة

He has made many kites recently .

We have visited Samy recently .

4-yet

تأتي في نهاية الجملة الخبرية المنفية  

I haven’t studied the lesson yet .

We haven’t seen the new car yet

5-ever &never

تستخدم     ever في السؤال قبل past participle   Have you ever been to London ?              

وللإجابة المنفية نحذف ever   ونضع never   بدلا منها    No, I have never been to London .     

6- since

إذا جاءت كحرف جر دال على الزمان تأتي في نهاية الجملة و قبلها بداية وقت حدوث الفعل :

                                                                         السنة                     الشهر                          الأسبوع                   اليوم                     جزء اليوم

Part of a day  -    day        -  week       -    month         - year                                        

I have not seen him since 2000  .

He has gone out since the early morning .

They have started building since last month.

أما إذا جاءت كرابط بين جملتين :

   Since                  past simple                    present perfect

Since hetravelled , he has sent three letters .

Since he started work , he has drawn two walls .

  present perfect                     Since                       past simple

hehas sent three letters Since he traveled .

he has drawn two walls Since he started work..

we have studied five lessons since we began studying .

الفرق بين since –for

             منذ Since + time ( 2:00 – yesterday – last week – Rajab –  October – 1420 )

لمدة   For + period of time ( 2 + hours – days  - weeks – months – years )

B- choose : since     or       for :

1- He has been studying Physics ……………. Three month .

2-She has been a nurse ………………….  1980 .

3- Mr. Al-Badr has been building roads ………………twenty years .

4- I have been working here ………………….last year .

5- Ali has been making model airplanes ………………..November .

6- They have been touring Egypt ………………………two weeks .

7- You have not used this passport …………………. April 30, 1987 .