نــــــهـــــــايـــــة الــــــحــيــــــاة فــــــي الـــــــقــــــريـــــة
When
large numbers of people move from their homes in country areas to find
better paid jobs in towns and cities, the villages and farms they once
lived in are often left empty. No one wants to buy homes there because they
cannot make money out of them. This phenomenon which is called
rural depopulation, can lead to overcrowding in cities as well as for fewer
people in country areas.

One example of this phenomenon is the Garrigues area of Spain, about one hour’s drive from Barcelona. The area has a
Mediterranean climate, but because it is high and not close to the sea,
winter temperatures are quite low. The area has an annual rainfall level of
482mm which falls in only 47 days of the year, during the autumn and
spring. Historically, this was a successful agricultural area; on the higher
ground, the farmers grew almonds and vines, while in the river valleys, wheat,
corn, beans and sunflowers were the traditional crops.
ومـثال عـلى هـذه الـظاهـرة مـنطـقة ( قارقيس) فـي اسـبانيا وتـبعد سـاعة
عـن بـرشـلونة بالـسيـارة. تـتمتع هـذه الـمـنطقة
بـمناخ الـبحـر الـمتوسـط ولأنـها مـرتـفعـة ولـيست قـريـبة مـن البـحر فـتكون فـيها
حـرارة الـشتاء مـنخفـضـة جـدا ويـبلغ مـعـدل الـمـطر الـسنـوي فـي هـذه الـمنـطـقة
482 ملم وتـسقط فلي 47 يـوم فـقـط مـن الـعام خـلال الـخريف والـربـيع وتاريخـيا كـانت
هـذه الـمنطقة ناجـحة زراعـيا وفـي الـمناطـق الـمـرتـفـعـة لـقـد زرع الـمزارعـون
اللـوز والـعـنب بـينما فـي الوديـان عـلى ضـفـاف الانـهـار الـذرة والـقمـح والـبقولـيات
وعـباد الـشمس وكـانـت تـعتـبر هـذه الـمحاصـيل
تـقـليدية
The
area was particularly well-known for its high -quality olive oil which was grown mainly for export. The
population of the area was at its highest about 150 years ago, when a
typical village might have 500 inhabitants, whereas now some villages have as
few as 100 permanent inhabitants. But as farming became less and less
profitable, and unemployment grew, the population began to move to the cities
to find work. This trend started in 1860 and has continued to this day. Now
some villages consist mainly of elderly people.

The
area is suffering from the effects of depopulation, such as poor public
services and deserted farms. In some parts of Europe
in recent years, however, the move from the country to the city has been
reversed as wealthy people move to the countryside to escape from the
overcrowding, pollution and stress of city life. Some are moving permanently,
but many are buying holiday or weekend homes which are empty for much of
the year.
أن
نقص السكان يجعل المنطقة تعاني من ضعف الخدمات مثل الخدمات العامة والمزارع
المهجورة. وفي بعض مناطق أوروبا في
السنوات الاخيرة الانتقال من الريف الى المدينة اصبح بشكل عكسي لان الناس الاغنياء
ينتقلون الى الريف للهرب من الازدحام والتلوث والتوتر من حياة المدينة. البعض يرحل
بشكل نهائي ولكن العديد منهم يشترون بيوتا لقضاء العطلات والتي تكون فارغة معظم
أوقات السنة.
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