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معلومات عن الولايات المتحدة الامريكية بالانجليزي

امريكا بالانجليزي بحث عن كاليفورنيا بالانجليزي

كاليفورنيا الكليات والجامعات

كاليفورنيا نقاط الاهتمام

كاليفورنيا الوجهات

كاليفورنيا لوس انجلوس

ساكرامنتو كاليفورنيا

جيري براون

ولاية كاليفورنيا ومدنها

مدن كاليفورنيا

Area 423,970 km 2
Population 38, 8 million inhabitants (2014)
Sacramento Capital
English language
American dollar currency
Nickname The Golden State
Excerpt from the guide Library of the Traveler California
Northern California
San Francisco, its old cable cars climbing dizzying slopes, its Golden Gate Bridge wrapped in the mist, the sea lions barking on Fisherman's Warf ... Each year, millions of visitors explore this metropolis - emblem of Northern California - open to all influences, walk through its markets and museums, stroll under the trees of Golden Gate Park or cross the bay by boat to visit the famous Alcatraz prison.
A trip of a few hours to the north or south will reveal completely different landscapes. To the south, Monterey and its kelp forests, the spectacular Big Sur escarpments and the mind-blowing fairyland of Hearst Castle; to the north, the beautiful vineyards of the Napa and Sonoma valleys - high places of gastronomy - and their exceptional wines.
In the interior, the fertile Central Valley, California's granary, also carries the political march with Sacramento, charming capital whose historic Old Town will put you on the trail of the Gold Rush. Not far from there, in the ancient cities of the Gold Country, you can try your luck by prospecting the rivers that come down from the Sierra Nevada. In terms of scenery, this is home to some of the continent's greatest wonders: the sparkling Lake Tahoe, straddling the California-Nevada border, which attracts hikers in summer and skiers in winter; the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks and theirredwoods (redwoods), the tallest in the world; or Yosemite National Park, a cascade of waterfalls, granite cliffs and other pine forests in cinemascope.
To the north-east, the most isolated area of California, Shasta (4317m) and Lassen (3187m) mountains drape in their original savagery, while the largest fishing port on the West Coast proudly bears the name of the local currency. State: Eureka ("I found!").
Southern California
Two major cities are at each end of this spectrum: Los Angeles and San Diego. One, modern, sprawling and feverish metropolis, dangles its glitter in the smog-polluted smog, drains hundreds of stars and millions of dreams, draws tourists to Disneyland and Universal Studios, and continually renews its culinary scene , nocturnal and cultural. The other, the second largest city in the state, stretches its glittering breaks ridden by surfers and offers families one of the most beautiful zoos in the world. But more modest stars also claim their place on the map: Palm Springs, its spas and thermal springs, Anza-Borrego and its rainbow of spring flowers, Pismo Beach and its great dunes, Ojai Valley and its exceptional vineyards.
In comparison, the hot, desolate expanses of the Mojave Desert and Death Valley will teleport you to another planet. But, almost everywhere else, the region offers you a smiling weather and this climate - it seldom rains between April and November - which has generated not only an agricultural sector of exceptional vigor, but also this dynamism, this spring and this freshness. unique to Southern Californians.
Yosemite National Park
Climb up the vertical wall of El Capitan, 1,000 m high, hike to the top of the Yosemite Falls or down the Merced River by kayak, the jewel of the US parks offers a plethora of activities for sports fans and fans. adventure.
Redwood National Park
This forest park along the northern shoreline of the state retains some of the oldest and largest redwoods in the world, including Tall Trees Grove.
Golden Gate Bridge
Icon San Francisco, filmed in 1958 by Hitchcock in Cold Sweats , this suspension bridge built in 1937 was until 1964 the longest in the world and is now among the Seven Wonders of the modern world.Orange International, it links San Francisco to Sausalito by straddling the Golden Gate Strait.
Wine Country
Under the mild Californian sun, the regions of Sonoma and Napa, north of San Francisco, unfurl their verdant valleys dotted with vines that produce the best American wines.
Californian Cuisine
Initiated by Alice Waters, this culinary concept emphasizes the freshness of local products - exclusively - as well as the ethnic diversity of the state - particularly Asian and Latin American - and a sought-after presentation.
Hollywood
Synonymous with the American film industry, this Los Angeles neighborhood - nicknamed Tinselton -, houses the famous movie studios, opulent mansions and the Walk of Fame where the stars leave their footprints in the cement.
Monterey
A beautiful panoramic coastal road leads to Monterey, built on the eponymous peninsula where its dive sites in the forests of kelps or swimming with sea otters will delight water sports enthusiasts.
Death Valley
If in summer the lowest point of the North American continent, an endoreic rift, displays torrid temperatures, in the spring, this desert of Mojave is copied of a wild flora and cacti in bloom: a dazzling spectacle.
South California
It's no wonder Santa Barbara in Santa Monica and San Diego's Huntington Beach have Southern Californians with year-round tans: their coastline is lined with hundreds of miles of sun-drenched beaches.
Pacific Coast Highway
In the Los Angeles area, Highway 1, commonly referred to as Pacific Coast Highway (PCH), winds along this beautiful coastline, offering breathtaking views of the ocean and the Southern California countryside.

Unclassifiable curiosities
Alcatraz - In front of San Francisco, the mythical Isla de las Alcatraces (Pelicans Island), familiarly "The Rock", preserves the traces of its last function, that of federal prison where famous characters have stayed there such as Al Capone and Frank Morris, the only escapee.
Cable Cars - Symbols of the city, these traction streetcars - the last in the world in function - will take you to the top of the steep streets of San Francisco.
Bay to Breakers - If you are in San Francisco on the 3rd Sunday of May, do not be surprised to see the participants in this race, dressed in costumes of all kinds cross the city from east to west.
Chinese Theater - In the courtyard of this extravagant "pagoda" on Hollywood Boulevard in Los Angeles, note the footprints of the movie's sacred monsters forever sealed in concrete.
The Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles - Incredible but true, this natural bitumen well has, over time, regurgitated several fossilized skeletons dating back to the Upper Pleistocene!
Cultural highlights
Getty Center - At the top of Brentwood Hill stands this marvelous "Italian Village", designed by architect R. Meier, where you can leisurely stroll through the gardens, visit the museum or simply enjoy the view of LA and the 'Pacific Ocean.
Hollywood Bowl - Architectural icon - seen and reviewed in Tex Avery cartoons - this amphitheater is still one of the best places to enjoy a concert or opera in Los Angeles.
San Diego Museum of Contemporary Art - If not for the beautiful permanent collections or temporary exhibitions, at least visit La Jolla - not Downtown - the setting in which they are presented: the former seaside residence philanthropist Ellen Browning Scripps.
San Jose Museum of Art - Dale Chilhuly's colorful, sometimes very zany, glass sculptures are among the 1,500 works of contemporary art in this museum.
Civic Center - The administrative heart of San Francisco is home to, among others, the Asian Art Museum.
Children's dreams
Disneyland - Mickey Mouse and his gang will take you from rides to attractions, all more crazy than each other like Space Mountain ,California Adventure and the Fanstasmic fireworks show!
Universal Studios - Always in Los Angeles, your little darlings will love as much as you do scenes from the films Back to the future , Jurassic Park or Shrek .
SeaWorld - The synchronized ballets of orcas, dolphins and other marine mammals make this San Diego water park famous.
Fisherman's Wharf - All of San Francisco's maritime past concentrated around these very touristy docks where you can still watch the sea lions bask in the pillar on Pier 39, discover the fascinating history of this great port or visit a Liberty ship, SSJeremiah O'Brian .
Monterey Bay Aquarium - More than 350,000 specimens populate this huge waterfront aquarium; the meal time will remain, for sure, a beautiful memory for your children.
Calico Ghost Town - On the edge of the Mojave Desert, this ghost town has been transformed into a theme park.
Exploratorium in San Francisco - The most resistant of your cherubim himself will try one of the 600 interactive scientific activities.
Breathtaking scenery
Avenue of the Giants - This 53-kilometer crossing of the giant redwood forest of the Humboldt Redwoods State Park will not leave you with ice, especially when you pass inside one of these specimens.
Big Sur - Like a roller coaster, Highway 1, between Monterey and Big Sur, winds and dives along the coast, offering the most spectacular views of California.
Lake Tahoe - The high mountains in the background, the crystal blue waters and the ponderosa pines along the shores of this alpine lake (1,894 m) make for an incredible movie-like setting in both summer and winter .
Joshua Tree National Park - This desert offers a surrealistic scene: strange rock formations scattered here and there, oddly twisted yuccas and resplendent flowers after the rain.
Yosemite Valley - More than 4 million people flock to the park each year, attracted by the staggering waterfalls, fabulous rock formations and majestic forests.
Klamath & Cascades - Wild, grandiose ... a virtually untouched area.
Beautiful beaches
Huntington Beach - The surf capital of the USA? Do not move, you are there!
Cabrillo Beach - The undisputed paradise for skiing, raced by the best kite-surfers and funboarders who come to train on a water without wave.
Malibu - Surfers, tanners, birdwatchers and budding paparazzi cross over to Zuma Beach.
Venice Beach - The pinnacle of fitness, zenitude, hedonism and bodybuilding par excellence: no need to venture to this LA beach without the proper dress code.
Santa Cruz - Two of the 3 beaches in this elegant seaside town are perfect for surfers: Cowell Beach for beginners and Steamer Lane for experienced surfers.
Stinson Beach - When the fog clears, this beach attracts most San Franciscans who are sunbathers.
Iconic buildings
Academy of Sciences - The architect Renzo Piano designed in San Francisco, a natural history museum worthy of the name with a green roof, aquarium and planetarium.
California State Capitol - Regardless of the state, visiting a Capitol is a must, especially when the Sacramento is strangely similar to the Capitol in Washington DC! (
Hearst Castle - This lavish mansion that once belonged to WR Hearst Press Magnet stands on top of the "Enchanted Hill" in San Simeon.
Mission Dolores - The chapel of this mission founded in 1776 consists of the oldest building in San Francisco: in its cemetery rests a large number of pioneers and Costa Rican Indians.
"Painted Ladies" - The vivid Victorian facades that line many of San Francisco's streets, the most photographed remain those of Alamo Square.
Transamerica Pyramid - When it sprang up in 1972, this tower-pyramid aroused the strongest controversy to become one of the favorite symbols of the San Franciscans.
Walt Disney Concert Hall Los Angeles - Just Amazing!
Winchester Mystery House in San Jose - Hoping to escape the curse of vengeful spirits, the daughter-in-law of the famous rifle manufacturer has been expanding its home for more than 38 years, reaching a total of 160 pieces in 1922!
Exciting sports
Diving - Looking for the big thrill? Try the cage diving off the Farallon Islands. The less adventurous will be satisfied with an astonishing descent into the Monterey kelps forests.
Hike - Ideal for taking the stress off a morning shopping trip to San Francisco: a walk under the giant sequoias of Muir Woods.
Rafting - Let yourself be tempted by the cataracts of Hell's Corner Gorge, Ikes Falls on Klamath or Class IV rapids south of Sacramento.Beginners will probably opt for the peaceful descent into the Coloma Valley.
Ski - The Sierra Nevada does not lack beautiful resorts.
Climbing - A dozen tracks lead, via the vertical face, to the top of Half Dome - perfect example of an exfoliation dome.
Hedonistic pleasures
Spa - Several centers exploit the thermal waters and hot mud of the small town of Caligosta.
Hot Air Balloon - Nothing like a sunrise flight to get a taste of the Napa Valley wine region.
Train - What's more original than enjoying a gourmet meal accompanied of course excellent wines while taking a train tour through the vineyards.
Market - Napa's Oxbow Public Market is home to organic products of all kinds.
Tasting - Do not hesitate to do a tasting in one of the wine estates.
Iconic accommodations
Mission Inn Hotel & Spa - The best hotel in Los Angeles for its glitzy decor, incredible architecture and ostentatious luxury, as well as for the endless list of distinguished guests.
The Ahwahnee Hotel - More than one of the world's best - crowned head, movie star or politician - walked the glossy floors of the most venerable of Yosemite National Park establishments built in 1927.
Hotel del Coronado - Any fan of Marilyn Monroe should go down to this Coronado hotel to re-enact the hilarious scenes of Some Like It Hot .
The Palace Hotel - Historically the first hotel in San Francisco, it maintains its status by remaining the most opulent in the city - be aware however that the establishment organizes guided tours.
Madonna Inn in San Luis Obispo - With movie-themed rooms (safari, Jungle, Hawaiian, Western or Cave Man), this is the most kitschy California hotel designed by Hollywood designer Harvey Allen Warren.
Northern California
The climate of San Francisco is typical of the north coast. During the day, the average temperatures are between 12 and 14 ° C and can drop to 6 ° C at night. Know that they are significantly higher in South Bay and inland valleys. In the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys, mercury frequently reaches 32-37 ° C in summer. In general, summers are rather dry and hot and rainy winters - jellies are rare along the coast. Note that, even in summer, fog patches can envelop San Francisco, while the sun shines on the other side of the bridge, in the Bay Area. Ideally, it is better to visit the city in autumn, often very sunny.
Southern California
It is one of the few areas in the world where you can ski in the morning and surf in the afternoon. From mountains to deserts and beaches, temperatures can range from 20 ° C. The change of seasons is less pronounced than in the North. The winters, very mild, are punctuated by a rainy season between jan. and march. In the summer, some precipitations make the heat generally bearable. Los Angeles is covered in smog, fog due to pollution, especially between August and seven.
hotels
In San Francisco, the most expensive hotels are concentrated in Nob Hill, the Financial District and Union Square. Mostly welcoming an international clientele, these establishments are part of the local heritage. In Los Angeles, palaces are concentrated in Downtown and Beverly Hills, providing quick access to shopping and public transportation.
The concierges of upscale hotels are happy to book all kinds of reservations - parties, tours, limousines (bilingual driver), plane tickets.
A string of hotel chains and more modest establishments also offer all the comforts needed at much lower rates.
motels
If you travel by car, staying at a motel offers real benefits. Most motels - even on Sunset Boulevard or in the depths of the Sierras - will provide you with a parking space (at most in most cases) - a few steps from your room.
If the quality varies, you can expect clean accommodation, especially in national chains. You will find everything on site: restaurant and coffee shop, swimming pool and sauna. In the rooms, telephone, television and radio do not miss the call. A little advice, do not hesitate to ask to see a room before you decide. Another advantage of the motel, the rates. In the big cities, you will have to pay between 75 and 150 $ US / night for 2 people, less in the eccentric regions.
Note that most California hotel rooms and motels are non-smoking. If you are hooked, inquire before booking.
Inns / Bed and Breakfast
B & Bs are popular, especially in the north of the state. Most are concentrated in some of the most picturesque areas - Wine Country, Gold Country, North Coast or Monterey Peninsula, attracting a clientele of travelers and city dwellers. The small inns ( inns ) also multiply in the big cities.
Offering an excellent alternative to hotel chains and motels, B & Bs offer a personalized stay; no dwelling is like another, and often no room to another. On the other hand, many B & Bs have only shared bathrooms, and in the rooms, TV and telephone are pale. Breakfast is generally included and appetizing.
Rates vary a lot, but rather in the higher category - unlike European B & Bs. Call or send an e-mail to book, especially on weekends and in summer.
California Association of Bed and Breakfast Inns (CABBI ):www.cabbi.com
Youth hostels
The hostels are clean, comfortable and very cheap (sometimes $ 10 a night). Open to travelers of all ages, they are still more for young people, at least in spirit. In addition to the usual dormitories, some hostels have single, double, triple or quadruple rooms. You will need to bring your own equipment (cutlery, sleeping bag, towel), help with housework and other tasks. Please note that some hostels are closed from 09:30 to 16:30.
In Northern California, 20 hostels are located on the Pacific coast, from Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park on the Oregon border to John Little State Beach. All these inns line the coast, some even occupying old lighthouses. Hosteling International has many hostels in California, including Santa Cruz, Los Angeles, San Diego and San Francisco: www.adelaidehostel.com .
Complete hostel directory by region atwww.hostels.com/en/us.ca.html
List of youth hostels area by zone:
Central California Council www.westernhostels.org
Golden Gate Council www.norcalhostels.org
Los Angeles Council www.lahostels.org
San Diego Council www.sandiegohostels.org
Camping
Public and private campgrounds are located in or near national and state parks. Most public campgrounds have rudimentary equipment - parking, toilets and picnic tables. Private land, usually a little more expensive, has additional equipment - electrical outlets, coin launderette or restaurant. In high season (mid-June to Sept.), first come, first served. Try to book if possible. In sites like Yosemite the sites reserve several months in advance.
California Department of Parks & Recreation www.parks.ca.gov
National Park Service Reservation Center www.recreation.gov

USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Regional Officewww.fs.fed.us