موضوع عن علم المصريات بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز عن

تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز  اذا تعرف عن علم المصريات أشهر علماء المصريات معلومات هامة عن الآثار المصرية  ترجمة و معنى المصريات بالإنجليزي  موضوع عن علم المصريات بالانجليزي عالم المصريات وسيم  عالم الاثار الفرعونية

egyptology

اسماء علماء الاثار المصريين علم المصرى  ما هو علم الاثار

Birth of Egyptology

Ancient Egypt has always fascinated archaeologists. With its three thousand years of history and some three hundred pharaohs and thirty dynasties that have succeeded one another, Egypt is full of ancient treasures. From archeology is born a derivative which is solely devoted to it; Egyptology. It focuses solely on Egypt, and covers the pre-pharaonic and ancient periods, hence its detachment from archeology in general.

Napoleon, on his expedition to Egypt, is the first to be interested in Egyptology. Artists and scholars go out into the country with him to look only at the remains of ancient Egypt. Like the Greek or Roman Empire, Bonaparte is fascinated by the Egyptian Empire, one of the most prosperous and famous empires in the world.

Some Western countries, such as Germany, Great Britain or the United States are also interested in the Egyptian past, but no major excavation is actually conducted. There are just a few small rooms devoted to Egyptian art in some of their museums. For the Western public, the only attraction of Egypt was the hidden treasures of the pharaohs. The smuggling of Egyptian antiquities was then widespread. More atypical pastimes than anything else, the rich Westerners with collections of Pharaonic Egypt forgot that these valuables were above all the forgotten past, and the history of an entire people ... The expedition of Bonaparte in Egypt had simply launched an exotic fashion.

In 1822, Jean-François Champollion, a French Egyptologist, presented a memoir on Egyptian writing. The hieroglyphs for so long forgotten are resurfacing. We want to pierce their mystery. The scientists of the time, admiring, push him to go further in his research. In 1824, he published his famous "Precis of the hieroglyphic system", which inspired many researchers to look into the past of Egypt.

In 1828, Champollion, who had never crossed the Egyptian soil, went on an expedition to the lands of the Pharaohs. This is the first big scientific expedition to Egypt. For two years, he will immerse himself body and soul in his research, translate many ancient texts, and publish many books ("Description of Egypt", "Monuments of Egypt and Nubia" ...), which will become later reference works for Egyptologists around the world. His deciphering hieroglyphs inscribed on the rosette stone will make his fame.

In 1860, the director of the Boulaq museum, Auguste Mariette, took over the torch. It makes the temple of Edfu (erected by Ptolemy III), dedicated to the worship of the god Horus, and uncovers many objects, like the very famous one of the squatting scribe. All these discoveries attract many Westerners who discover a real passion for Egyptology. The bust of Nefertiti is discovered in 1912, the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922 by the English archaeologist Howard Carter ... Egypt is quickly invaded by a horde of scientists who run for the most part after celebrity or money.

The valleys of the Kings and Queens are searched, the lighthouse of Alexandria, however disappeared, encourages to search the seabed, in which its ruins would have been engulfed. In 1995, pieces were extracted and remains of the city of Alexandria were discovered, as a necropolis that will be updated in 1997.

Now aware of the priceless treasures it has lost, Egypt finds itself in the midst of diplomatic conflicts. She demands that many of her historical artifacts be returned to her people. But the "battle" does not succeed. These coins are worth a fortune and Western museums do not want to part with them. When the study of a civilization is transformed into a theft of its riches ...

Although much of Egypt's monuments have been destroyed by time, and scattered all over the world, surprising discoveries have been made, allowing a better understanding of Egyptian civilization. The society, the religion, the economy of the time could be reconstituted, and "empty" periods of history could be filled. Egyptology has given an identity to the Egyptian people, and to prove to them the greatness of their culture.