تعبير
برجراف مقال نبدة سيرة انشاء تقرير موضوع برزنتيشن
فقرة
،بحث كامل نبذة عن العالم قصة حياة معلومات بالانجليزي
من هو مؤلفات انجازات فلسفة بحث جاهز باللغة الانجليزية علماء عرب .. أبرز كتب ومؤلفات The story
بحث نشأة
وحياته علوم العلوم الفلكية علم الأحياء
علم النبات الفلسفة ومترجم موضوع انجليزي
عن عالم مشهور موضوع انجليزي عن العالم معلومات
مختصرة موضوع تعبير عن شخص مشهور بالانجليزي قصير تعبير عن قدوتي معلومة عن مختصرة
الكتب
انجازات وفاة مسيرته حياته علمه تلامذته
ابن خلدون
هو عبد الرحمن بن محمد، ابن خلدون أبو زيد، ولي الدين الحضرمي الإشبيلي (1332 -
1406م، ولد في تونس وشب فيها وتخرّج من جامعة الزيتونة، وليَ الكتابة والوساطة بين
الملوك في بلاد المغرب والأندلس ابن خلدون مؤرخ من شمال أفريقيا، تونسي المولد أندلسي
حضرمي الأصل، كما عاش بعد تخرجه من جامعة الزيتونة في مختلف مدن شمال أفريقيا، حيث
رحل إلى بسكرة وغرناطة وبجاية وتلمسان
ابن خلدون بحث مؤلفات
ابن خلدون كتب من هو ابن خلدون وفاة محمد بن خلدون
الحضرمي ابن خلدون اقوال نشأة
ابن خلدون العلمية تأسيس ابن خلدون لعلم الاجتماع
مقدمة
ابن خلدون مؤسس علم الإجتماع
عالم مسلم
Ibn Khaldoun (ابن خلدون)
Posted by Nidhal on 7 January 2008
Pierre LEPAPE, a journalist in Le Monde diplomatique, says of
Ibn Khaldoun:
"His immense culture and insatiable intellectual curiosity
allow him to mix the most diverse contributions, Arab, Greek, Hebrew, Persian,
Berber, Roman, Byzantine, in an orderly synthesis. But at the same time, her
thought breaks so much with the waiting horizon of her time, she proposes a
logic of interpretation so different from the traditional categories, so
"modern", that it does not enter the scholarly debates political,
religious and philosophical of his time. On the other hand, she speaks to ours.
"
Historian philosopher and precursor of modern sociology, Ibn
Khaldoun is one of the most outstanding figures of Arab-Muslim civilization. In
this article I will try to present the biography of this man while dwelling on
his intellectual contribution.
I.Biography of Ibn Khaldoun
1) Ibn Khaldoun: birth and childhood.
Ibn Khaldun, or Abu Zeid Abd al-Rahman ibn Mohammed bin Khaled
al-Hadhrami (b. a family from Andalusia with the first wave of emigration of
the early thirteenth century. But his true and distant origins are Arab from
Hadhramut to Yemen as he asserted in his autobiography "and our ancestry
is from Hadhramut, Yemen's Arabs, through the Wa'il Ibn Hajar, of the best
Arabs. "
The easy situation of his family allowed him to study with the best
teachers of North Africa of his time. He then received a classical Arabic
education studying religious sciences the Arabic language, but also mathematics
and philosophy through the works of Avicenna, Averroes and Al-Razi. At the age
of 17, Ibn Khaldoun lost both parents to the plague epidemic that struck Tunis.
2) Ibn Khaldoun: an eventful life
Upon the death of his parents Ibn Khaldoun begins a rich journey.
He starts it by becoming "Keeper of the Seal" of the Hafish Sultan
Abû-Ishâq. Three years later, he left Tunis to join Sultan Fez, where he stayed
for nine years to finish his scientific training with the big ulemas at Qarawin
University. In 1363 he decided to go to Andalusia, Granada where he met the
great historian Lisân ad-din Ibn al-KhatibAt the age of 32, Ibn Khaldoun
decided to return to the Maghreb where he spent 10 years expanding this
knowledge through the various courses in the region. He then decides to leave
this "swamp of politics" and to make a Khalwa (خلوة) or spiritual retreat to the Qal'a of Ibn Salama in Algeria.
During the fourth year of his retirement, he begins a work of reflection and
writing that will upset the Arab-Muslim thought, and that will put it in the
history for eternity. The Muqaddima (المقدمة)
or Prolegomena according to the literal translation, was the most important
work of our historian and sociologist. He said in speaking of his work "It
is there that I began to write this book and that I completed La Muqaddima with
its original and original character which distinguishes it and which was
inspired to me by this khalwa". Translated into French by the orientalist
and Islamologist Vincent Monteil in 1967, The Muqaddima is over 1,300 pages:
"A true encyclopedia" said Monteil, and a true "discourse on
universal history".
He then begins to write his universal story "Kitab al
'ibar" (كتاب العبر) where he treated the
ancient and modern history of the Arabs, Persians, and Berbers, without
stopping his life to make changes to this book.
After this retreat spent in the desert Ibn Khaldoun revives the
city life. He goes to Tunis where he is well received by the Sultan. He then
teaches in the great university of Zitouna, but following a violent religious
and scientific controversy with Imam Muhammed Ibn 'Arafa, well known by his
strict Maliki orthodoxy, he is obliged to leave his homeland to Cairo in Egypt,
so he invests in teaching at the University of Al Azhar and taking the position
of cadi (قاضي) judge, until his death.
Thus was the turbulent life of Ibn Khaldun, passed between the
courses of the sultans of the time, and the great universities of North Africa.
Ibn Khaldoun died in Cairo on March 17, 1406. He is buried in the Sufi cemetery
reserved for scholars and men of letters. He left leaving a great heritage to
human civilization. His works and ideas find their place in our day in modern
thought.
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