معلومات عن امريكا الولايات المتحدة الامريكية بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزية  انشاء عبارات سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات عامة شاملة بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان جمل عن بلادي كلمة رحلة مقال جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة للطلاب عرض للصف السادس للصف الاول للصف الثاني للصف الثالث للصف الرابع للصف الخامس للصف السادس للصف السابع للصف الثامن للصف التاسع للصف العاشر  ابتدائي جمل  سهل وقصير معالم  موقع  تقرير عن تراث بالانجليزي ابي موضوع  ابراج خمس جمل قديما  أبرز المناطق السياحية مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير كلمة تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله مقدمة خاتمة  information about   paragraph  presentation  location  my country uae كم عدد سكان  مدن  الوجهات العرب المسافرون نقاط الاهتمام مساحة تحدث جغرافية جغرافيا  عبارات شعر قصيدة مؤثر كلام قصير مترجم بالعربي  شكل عام موضوع مؤثر اللغات الرسمية ديانة  اسماء مدن  المناطق الريفيه الشعب الجنس رئيس لغتها الرسمية قوانين موقع  الوطن عادات وتقاليد بحث علمي

        

A dominant economy

The United States is the largest economy in the world since the end of the Second World War. With a nominal value of $ 18,561 billion, the GDP of the United States represented in 2016 more than one fifth of the world's wealth. The second largest manufacturer in the world, the United States is responsible for 22% of global manufacturing output. US purchasing power is the highest in the world and the country also maintains a very high level of per capita income, at $ 55,837 in 2015.

 An attractive, flexible and open economy

In addition to hosting 203 of the world's 500 largest corporations, the United States is designated by UNCTAD as the leading destination for foreign direct investment (FDI), with $ 380 billion in FDI inflows in 2015.

 The US economy has specific characteristics that have contributed to the development of its economy in its current structure, including:

- advanced development of the scientific sector and high technology;

- the presence of highly developed financial markets that favor corporate financing;

- the flexibility of the labor market, able to employ almost all the available labor, in particular that resulting from immigration;

- the low cost of energy, with an economy approaching energy independence - notably thanks to shale gas.

 The United States plays a leading role in world trade. For example, the country's exports and imports accounted for 9.2% and 14.1% respectively of world exports and imports in 2015. Exports are primarily intermediate products (49% of exports) and chemicals (26%). , 8%). Imports are dominated by finished products (31.8%) and intermediate products (30.4%). Neighboring countries (Canada and Mexico) are the largest trading partners of the United States, ahead of China and European countries.

 The United States also has the advantage of having the reference currency for international trade. 87% of transactions on the foreign exchange market were on the dollar in 2013. Similarly, 64% of the world's foreign exchange reserves are held in dollars (against 20% in euros).

 The crisis of 2008 and the recovery

From 2007, the subprime crisis has initiated in the United States an unprecedented recession since the Great Depression. The resumption of growth took place at the end of 2009, partly as a result of the stimulus package of nearly $ 800 billion decided by the US Congress in February 2009. To promote financial stability In 2010, President Barack Obama passed the Dodd-Frank Act, which strengthened the requirements for US financial institutions, improved the protection of consumers of financial products, and increased accountability and transparency in the financial sector. The recovery plan of the US economy has greatly increased the public debt of the United States, public debt rising between 2007 and 2016 from $ 8 950 to 19 trillion, ie from 65% to 106% of GDP.

The country's economic recovery has been confirmed in recent years and the United States has been experiencing an uninterrupted growth cycle for the past seven years. GDP growth reached 2.6% in 2015, 1.6% in 2016 and should exceed 2% in 2017 according to the consensus, remaining at modest levels. The unemployment rate, which was 10.2% at the height of the crisis, has remained below 5% since 2016, very close to the structural unemployment rate of the US economy. In the context of this recovery, the US Federal Reserve began at the end of 2015 the "normalization" of US monetary policy after years of strong monetary support to the economy, raising the rate of reference interest several times.

 Trump Administration projects and structural issues

Since coming to power, Donald Trump has confirmed his desire to stimulate the economy through tax breaks for businesses and households, deregulation measures and an infrastructure investment plan in an amount announced $ 1 trillion.

 This plan is presented as a response to the modest economic growth in the United States since the crisis, which can be explained in particular by the structural limits to the potential of the US economy, such as:

- the aging of the population and the rapid rise in medical costs;

- low participation in the labor force;

- reduced mobility of households in the United States;

- the very high level of inequality (the third highest Gini index in the OECD);

- infrastructures which deteriorate because of insufficient investments.