paragraph about argentina

معلومات عن الارجنتين بالانجليزي

 تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزية  انشاء عبارات سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات عامة شاملة بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان جمل عن بلادي كلمة رحلة مقال جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة للطلاب عرض للصف السادس للصف الاول للصف الثاني للصف الثالث للصف الرابع للصف الخامس للصف السادس للصف السابع للصف الثامن للصف التاسع للصف العاشر  ابتدائي جمل  سهل وقصير معالم  موقع  تقرير عن تراث بالانجليزي ابي موضوع  ابراج خمس جمل قديما  أبرز المناطق السياحية مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير كلمة تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله مقدمة خاتمة  information about   paragraph  presentation  location  my country uae كم عدد سكان  مدن  الوجهات العرب المسافرون نقاط الاهتمام مساحة تحدث جغرافية جغرافيا  عبارات شعر قصيدة مؤثر كلام قصير مترجم بالعربي  شكل عام موضوع مؤثر اللغات الرسمية ديانة  اسماء مدن  المناطق الريفيه الشعب الجنس رئيس لغتها الرسمية قوانين موقع  الوطن عادات وتقاليد بحث علمي

Argentina, general framework

Eighth largest country in the world (2.8 M km², more than 5 times France), Argentina is the 4th largest population in Latin America (40 M inhabitants according to the 2010 census, after 37 M in 2001), behind Brazil, Mexico and Colombia. With a GDP of about 540 billion dollars in 2016, Argentina is the third largest economy in Latin America, behind Mexico and Brazil, and the 21st world power. Its per capita income ($ 12,500 in 2015) ranks it third in Latin America, behind Uruguay and Chile. According to the UNDP, the country ranks 1st in the continent and 40th in the world in 2014 in terms of the Human Development Index, ahead of Chile (42nd), making Argentina a country of "very high level of human development" .

Political and economic situation

At the head of the Cambiemos coalition of Liberal-Conservatives (PRO), Radicals (UCR) and Social Democrats (CC-ARI), Mauricio Macri was elected President on November 22, 2015, at the end of a second round, against the Peronist candidate Daniel Scioli, with 51.4% of the votes. His election ended a 12-year period during which Nestor Kirchner (2003-2007) and Cristina Kirchner (2007-2015) successively assumed the presidential functions. His cabinet, formed on December 10, 2015, is headed by Marcos Peña and comprises 20 ministers.

The package of economic measures taken by President Macri at the beginning of his mandate aims at greater integration into international trade and a normalization of relations with investors and the financial markets. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is now seen as one of the main drivers of growth by Argentine authorities, breaking with the previous government. The objective is to rebalance the Argentinian economy by further stimulating supply through private and public investment.

The end of the strict capital control regime - or "cepo", an expression expressing a situation of blockage - put in place by the former government has been effective since the end of 2015. Foreign companies can now freely repatriate dividends and pay the dividends. commercial debts.

The current Government has also removed the old import declaration system (DJAI), replacing it with compulsory and non-compulsory licensing, Sistema Integral de Monitoreo de Importaciones (SIMI), thus liberalizing about 80% of the lines. tariff. Certain sectors such as the automobile, the toy industry and the textile sector continue to be the subject of applications for import authorizations.

The dispute with the litigation funds in New York was resolved early in 2016, allowing the country to get out of the "partial" default. The Argentine state and the provinces raised more than $ 35 billion in the markets in 2016; other disputes still need to be resolved. Since January 2017, international bond issues have amounted to more than USD 10 billion, including a "centennial issue" of USD 2.75 billion.

Argentina emerged from the recession at the end of 2016, the necessary normalization of the economy and the sluggish regional context that weighed on activity in the previous year (-2.2%). For 2017, the International Monetary Fund expects growth of 2.2% (first quarter growth was 0.3%). While industrial production has rebounded in the first half of 2017, consumption remains subdued (-4% in the first half), high inflation (21.9% year-on-year in June) reducing household purchasing power.

Comparative advantages

Argentina has a clear comparative advantage in the primary sector (60% of exports are primary or primary processed products), agriculture and agribusiness in particular but also mineral resources, which today represent an essential source of foreign exchange. The soy sector, in particular, accounts for nearly 30% of exports (around USD 20 billion). In addition, Argentina ranks second in the world in terms of its shale gas reserves (22,710 billion m3) and fourth in its technically extractable shale oil reserves (27 billion bbl).

Argentina is also the Latin American country with the highest level of human capital. The Argentine school and university system is renowned for its engineers, who constitute a cheap labor force in terms of their level of training.

The Argentinean software industry, renowned throughout Latin America, is particularly dynamic. Many international companies outsource their production of software and computer services in the country and the amount of exports in this sector in 2016 was more than $ 1.5 billion (USD). The total billing for the sector amounted to 3.5 billion USD. This dynamism in the software and IT services sector, as well as the quality of the workforce in this area, is also reflected in the country's capacity to create large digital companies. Of the 9 "unicorns" in Latin America, 4 are Argentinian (Despegar.com, MercadoLibre, Olx, Globant).

State of the public accounts

Having inherited a very problematic fiscal situation, the Government stabilized the public deficit in 2016 (-7% of GDP, 7.5% in 2015) in a recessionary context.

State debt reached 53.6% of GDP in 2015 and is 70% denominated in foreign currency or equivalent (dollars, euros, debt paid in pesos but indexed to the dollar). Nearly 60% of the State's debt is held by Argentine public counterparts (provinces, central bank, social security organization, etc.). Excluding public counterparties, the debt thus reaches a reasonable level of about 20 percentage points of GDP. Medium and long-term debt accounts for almost 80% of total debt. The short-term debt comes mainly from Central Treasury Treasury Loans with low maturity and zero interest rates.

The tax amnesty law led to the regularization of USD 117 billion in assets, a remarkable achievement: participation in the asset regularization program is considerable, far ahead of those registered under previous amnesty laws. The tax revenue generated by the law is expected to recover 0.5 percentage point of additional GDP per year, due to the broadening of the tax base. This is an important step for Argentina towards greater financial transparency, in a country where one of the main problems remains the circumvention of the tax and the informal economy, estimated at around 35% of the total. GDP

Inflation and monetary policy

The exchange rate has been fluctuating since the exit of the exchange control at the end of 2015, but the Central Bank (BCRA) reserves the right to intervene if "the peso is too strong or too low".

The peso devaluation of around 35% in December 2015 led to a sharp jump in inflation, which reached 40% in 2016, the highest in fourteen years. The gradual rise in over-subsidized public fares (transport, energy, water) implemented since 2016 is also contributing to higher prices. The outlook for 2017, however, looks more favorable and gradually decreases since January, despite rising prices.

The BCRA, after keeping its interest rates at high levels above 35%, has now begun a gradual decline in the key rate, which is currently at a low of 24.75% since December 2015. Its objective is now the only stabilization of inflation, at 17% for 2017. This bet however seems ambitious and forecasts expect annual inflation between 20% and 25% in 2017.