موضوع تعبير عن زواج القاصرات بالانجليزي

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تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزية 

Child marriage

Child marriage in Syria already existed before the war but had a much lower rate than today. It has dramatically developed since the beginning of the war; in some cases, as in the case of Syrian refugees in Jordan, the child marriage rate has doubled since 2011. The minimum age for marriage under the Syrian Personal Status Code (1957) is 18 for boys and 17 for boys. for the girls.

While Syria ratified the International Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1993, it has expressed reservations because clauses would not be in line with Islamic law. For example, Article 16 (2) of the Convention prohibits States Parties from allowing or validating marriages between persons who have not reached the age of majority; nevertheless, such a marriage may be allowed in Syria, with the consent of the father or grandfather. For girls, the minimum age is 13, and for 15-year-old boys. Unfortunately, a large number of child marriages are arranged by their families and are against the wishes of the girls. These marriages often have serious consequences for the health of young girls - often married to older men - who are unaware of the risks involved, from sexual exploitation to reproduction and the consequences on sexual health. According to Syrian and Islamic law, polygamy is legal; it is a common practice in rural Syria that has increased since the beginning of the conflict.

There are different reasons why Syrian families are turning to marriage for their daughters in refugee and IDP communities. Internally displaced persons in Syria and refugees in neighboring Arab countries face constant food and economic insecurity as well as a lack of opportunities to find livelihoods. Girls and women in these communities face an increasing risk of sexual violence. At Camp Za'atari, refugee women reported that they are afraid of being pushed into weddings. In Lebanon's Bekaa Valley, gangs exploit refugee women and children. Under pressure, to protect their daughters and to support family resources, families can turn to marriage for their children. Moreover, according to Syrian law, a rapist can avoid punishment by marrying his victim and marital rape is not explicitly criminalized.

The right to non-discrimination

The Syrian Nationality Act, which does not give women the right to pass on their nationality to their children, has devastating effects on the civil, economic and social rights of Syrian children. Children of marriages between a Syrian woman and a foreign husband do not give the right to free education, disinherit from property, or limit access to health services and other benefits intended for Syrians.

In addition, Syrian laws may have adverse impacts on minorities in the country. In 1962, Legislative Decree No. 93 withdrew their nationality to 120,000 Syrian Kurds because they were unable to prove that they had lived in Syria since 1945. This minority group is the second largest ethnic group after Syrian Arabs in Syria then becomes stateless. They can not use the resources and services available for Syrians such as food subsidies, admission to public hospitals, access to employment in government agencies. Moreover, marriages between Syrian citizens and Kurds are not legally recognized; children born of these unions are therefore also stateless. Kurds with foreign status are not given passports, they are not allowed to return or leave the country. These negative effects have affected Syrian Kurdish refugee families who fled to northern Iraq in Kurdistan.

Stateless children in Syria do not have the civil documents necessary for access to state services, including health facilities, educational institutions and legal support. These children are therefore extremely vulnerable to food insecurity, marginalization, sexual exploitation, trafficking, labor, displacement, and forced marriage.