موضوع عن اضرار التدخين السجائر بالانجليزي

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تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزية 

TOBACCO SMOKE

Tobacco smoke is a cocktail of toxic products.

It represents a nearly perfect contaminant aero.

It consists of a gaseous phase and a phase formed of very fine particles, which penetrate the pulmonary alveoli and all the circulation of our body.

It contains 4 types of particularly harmful substances, whose toxic effects are combined:

1. Nicotine, very diffusible, which passes directly into the blood.

• Each cigarette puff contains enough of it to kill a rat to which it was injected.

• 80% of the nicotine is retained in the body that inhales the smoke.

• Its main effects are manifested on the nervous system (nausea, cold sweat of the 1st cigarette), but especially on the circulatory system. It causes a heart acceleration of 15 to 20 beats per minute, an increase in blood pressure, 1 to 2 mm of mercury. It is, what is much more serious, a narrowing factor of the small arteries, at the origin of vascular accidents, cardiac and brain in particular.

It also causes spasm of the small bronchi, responsible for respiratory difficulty, which can reach a dramatic level in asthmatic patients.

• It is nicotine, finally, which is responsible for the dependence on smoking and the addiction that results from it. The smoker deprived of tobacco feels an impression of lack and, by becoming habituated, becomes dependent on the more and more important doses.

2. Carbon monoxide

• It is also very diffusible and passes directly into the blood.

• Its effects are comparable to those of an incorrectly regulated stove or a gas leak.

• It combines in the blood with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin. This results in a decrease in the oxygen supply to the blood and organs of our body, an under - oxygenation, resulting in a risk of serious accidents increased during the physical effort.

3. Bronchial irritants

• They cause aggression of the whole respiratory shaft:

• the throat is red, swollen, lined with secretions.

• the cilia of the respiratory mucosa are paralyzed by a tiny amount of tobacco smoke: a single cigarette is enough to block the cilia for 4 days.

• The defense cells of the respiratory system are blocked or diminished.

• This results in a congestion of the airways and a decrease in the defenses of the respiratory system against infection and other pollutants of the atmosphere.

4. Polycyclic carbides

• These are carcinogenic substances, including 3,4 benzopyrenes.

• They are a formidable factor of cancerization along the entire path traveled by tobacco smoke: lips, tongue, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, and on its elimination routes: bladder

Smoking is a health disaster, responsible for tens of millions of deaths in France, many of which are premature deaths.

Mortality increases steadily according to:

- the number of cigarettes smoked, by cumulative effect,

- the degree of inhalation of the smoke,

- the age at which you started to smoke:

the harmfulness is multiplied by two before 20 years.