موضوع عن تونس بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزية  انشاء عبارات سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات عامة شاملة بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان جمل عن بلادي كلمة رحلة مقال جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة للطلاب عرض للصف السادس للصف الاول للصف الثاني للصف الثالث للصف الرابع للصف الخامس للصف السادس للصف السابع للصف الثامن للصف التاسع للصف العاشر  ابتدائي جمل  سهل وقصير معالم  موقع  تقرير عن تراث بالانجليزي ابي موضوع  ابراج خمس جمل قديما  أبرز المناطق السياحية مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير كلمة تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله مقدمة خاتمة  information about   paragraph  presentation  location  my country uae كم عدد سكان  مدن  الوجهات العرب المسافرون نقاط الاهتمام مساحة تحدث جغرافية جغرافيا  عبارات شعر قصيدة مؤثر كلام قصير مترجم بالعربي  شكل عام موضوع مؤثر اللغات الرسمية ديانة  اسماء مدن  المناطق الريفيه الشعب الجنس رئيس لغتها الرسمية قوانين موقع  الوطن عادات وتقاليد بحث علمي

Economic and financial situation Tunisia (September 2017)

The Tunisian economy presents, six years after the outbreak of the revolution, many vulnerabilities that weigh on its growth. Strongly marked by the impact of the 2015 attacks, Tunisian growth should rebound to 2.3% in 2017. The budget deficit is today a point of increased attention, just like that of the balance of current transactions which generates strong pressure on the dinar. Chronic fiscal deficit and sharp depreciation of the dinar fuel the public debt which should reach 69% of GDP in 2017, against 39% in 2010. It becomes urgent, in a difficult social context, to adopt and quickly implement the reforms identified long-term, to boost growth to a desired level of 5% by 2020.

I. Background: a degraded economic situation and weak indicators

sustainable in the long run

1. Moderate recovery of growth in 2017 after two years of crisis

The Central Bank of Tunisia (BCT) expects growth of 2.3% in 2017, thanks to the recovery of

sectors related to phosphate processing, tourism and a good growing season. This light

rebound follows two years of soft growth (around 1%), a direct result of the three attacks

occurred in 2015 and a degraded social climate that has strongly affected the performance of the industries

extractives - first and foremost that of phosphates.

Since the revolution, the country's economy has been burdened by a low level of investment and a decline in

productivity factors that affect the competitiveness of the country. The attractiveness of the country is also affected by the

cumbersome and unclear administrative procedures. Private activity also suffers from a

lack of openness: barriers to carrying out many activities and administrative burdens

generate rent phenomena. The financial system is unable to finance

properly the economy. Growth is also suffering from the development of the informal economy.

Since 2011, Tunisian growth has been mainly supported by household consumption. The

low levels of investment has strongly affected the potential growth of the country that is

now limited to about 2.5%, against the double before the revolution; all this in a context where the

authorities are having difficulty implementing reforms that have been identified for a long time.

After slowing for three consecutive years, inflation has been rising again since the end of

the end of 2017. At the end of August, inflation was 5.7% year-on-year, compared to 3.8% for the same period in 2016.

The depreciation of the dinar, which has been accelerating for two years (-24% against the euro) will strengthen this

trend by generating imported inflation. This leads the Tunisians to feel a sharp increase

of the cost of living despite an overall increase in their purchasing power.

The unemployment rate has stagnated since 2013 at around 15% of the active population, with large disparities

(between regions, sexes, age groups, levels of education), which they continue to increase with the crisis. The

poverty rate is still declining, estimated at 15% of the population in 2015, against more than 20% in 2010

- but with large disparities between the regions of the interior, where it is around 30%, and the coastal areas (5%

in Tunis).

2. Twin deficits, which have risen sharply since 2011, stabilize at high levels

The current account deficit is a growing source of concern. He settled

at around 9% of GDP in 2016 (as in 2015 and 2014). In the first half of 2017, the current account deficit

increased by more than 25% compared to the same period in 2016. The surplus of the balance of

services (slight recovery in the tourism sector), did not offset the strong increase in

trade deficit - the depreciation of the dinar had little impact on the real sphere, competitiveness

Tunisian export products continue to erode; in the absence of local substitutes, the

consumption is fond of imported products. In 2017, the current account deficit could reach

10%, compared to less than 5% in 2010.

These imbalances are largely responsible for the persistent tensions on the dinar, which have

since April 2017 (-16% against the euro, to 2.80 TND for one EUR). At the same time,

BCT has little room for maneuver to intervene in the foreign exchange market, net assets in

currencies representing only 101 days of imports in mid-September 2017, against 118 at the same

period in 2016.

REGIONAL ECONOMIC SERVICE

While there has been some stabilization of the fiscal position in 2014 and 2015 (with a

deficit close to 5% all the same), the Tunisian budget strongly slipped in 2016, reaching 5.9% of the GDP.

Far from stabilizing, the payroll of the public service will continue to increase while

already accounts for almost 15% of GDP. For several years, public finances have been constrained by

payroll level and the government used the investment budget as a variable

adjustment. The latter now represents less than 20% of the state budget.

The slippage in public finances, as well as the delay in the implementation of the reforms

structural reforms, led to a reformulation of the commitments made by Tunisia with the IMF, whose

budgetary aid tranche, scheduled for September 2016, was finally paid in June 2017. The Union

The European Union and the World Bank also paid in the summer of 2017 budget support

to loosen the constraint on the country's reserves and on its ability to honor its

commitments. The Tunisian government is heavily dependent on donors to meet its needs

financing conditions, taking into account the financing conditions that Tunisia can benefit from

as well as the weak liquidity of the internal market.

The evolution of the public debt is all the more worrying because it is used to finance

Functionnary costs. It is expected to reach 69% of GDP in 2017, compared with 40% in 2010 at the level of

central government - taking into account the underlying risks (guarantees granted by the State, other

borrowing by public companies, social accounts) this rate would reach 15 additional points. The

Tunisian public debt is still considered sustainable by the IMF. This is due in particular to maturities

relatively long, and at a low average interest rate, Tunisia is indebted to donors

on favorable terms. However, a large part of this debt is denominated in

about 65%), which calls for increased vigilance, particularly in view of the pace at which

depreciates the dinar. At the end of 2016, the claims of the French State amounted to only $ 1.2 billion, out of $ 24 billion.

Tunisia's total outstandings, ie 5%.

II. The national unity government set up in August 2016 must accelerate on

the reform plan

The national unity government of Youssef Chahed was invested in August 2016 with a roadmap

clear: accelerate the reform process with the objective of economic and social recovery of the

country. At the end of one year, although the observation appears contrasted, one can put to its credit the entry into

force of new investment legislation (although implementation still needs to be confirmed

the opening of certain service sectors). Youssef Chahed's government also engaged the

restructuring of the administration - early retirement plans and voluntary departure plan. By

Elsewhere, he committed himself from spring 2017 to a serious fight against corruption.

Youssef Chahed reshuffled his government in September 2017. In his speech to the Assembly at the

vote of confidence, he echoed the objectives of the IMF program to 2020: deficit

budget at 3% of GDP, debt at 70%, payroll at 12.5%. To achieve these goals, the chief

The government has also announced a comprehensive reform program. At the rank of new announcements,

Youssef Chahed spoke of an increased use of public-private partnerships to boost investment and

Launch of a major program for the development of desert regions.

In addition to the consolidation of public finances and the reduction of the payroll of the civil service,

the priorities are many with the focus on improving the business climate and attractiveness

of the country: administrative reform and simplification of procedures, improvement of logistics services

and customs, tax reform, restructuring of public enterprises, reform of social funds,

reform of the system of financing the economy, reform of the system of compensation of the products of

based. The government must also continue and step up the fight against the shadow economy and

corruption and continue the work of territorial reform and decentralization.

Disclaimer - The economic service endeavors to disseminate accurate and up-to-date information, and will correct, in the

as far as possible, the errors that will be reported to it. However, it can under no circumstances be held responsible for the use and

the interpretation of the information contained in this publication.