بكين بالانجليزي

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بكين بالانجليزي

كيف تكتب بكين بالانجليزي

beijing china

beijing city

capital city of china

beijing airport

بكين الأحداث القادمة

beijing weather

معلومات عن بكين بالانجليزي

كيف تكتب بكين بالانجليزي

Beijing in Chinese

■ National Capital of China since 1271

■ 20.7 million inhabitants

■ 16,808 km2

■ 16 districts (downtown and suburbs)

■ Currency: Yuan (¥), 1 € = 8 ¥ approx.

■ Time difference: GMT + 6 (summer), + 7 (winter)

■ Electricity: 220 volts (50 hz)

■ Cold, dry and windy winters (mid-nov. - mid-March: - 8 ° C); hot, humid summers (Jun-Sep: 30 ° C)

Chosen for the first time as capital in 1153 by the Jin, the Cambaluc of Marco Polo takes its present form during the 15th century, under the leadership of the Ming emperors. Places of worship and power of the day are now the pride of the Pekingese: the Temple of Heaven, Tian'anmen Square ... and the Forbidden City, center of the Middle Kingdom, around which the city s organizes, and continues to expand, its peripherals.

In 1949, Beijing regained its rank of capital with the proclamation of the People's Republic by Mao Zedong, which redraws the city according to the codes of Maoism. While temples in the old city are transformed into factories, and siheyuan (traditional settlement) and hutong (lanes) are colonized by neighborhood committees, Tian'anmen Square expands and welcomes the monuments of monuments to the lines. Stalinists: People's Assembly, Monument to the Heroes of the People ... and, later, the Mausoleum of Mao.

As a sleeping beauty compared to Shanghai and its "economic miracle," Beijing is reborn in the eyes of the world at the 2008 Olympics and into the 21 st century, with the restructuring of the old neighborhoods, the extension of the transport network, and the construction of towers signed by the biggest names in contemporary architecture ... The avant-garde art galleries are close to the traditional operas, the canteens of jiaozi the gastronomic tables of the big hotels , popular markets, designer boutiques ...

Forbidden City

The former imperial palace, whose construction, ordered by Yongle, lasted from 1406 to 1420, was the residence of 24 emperors until the abdication of Puyi in 1912. 72 ha of courtyards, gardens, pavilions and more 8,000 pieces house collections of exceptional richness: paintings, bronzes, lacquers, ceramics, etc. It was in 1924 that the opening of a museum allowed the people to discover these treasures, after five centuries of prohibition to approach this place of power ... To the north, the park of the Hill-of -Charbon, created from the excavated earth during the construction of the moat of the City, offers an overview of the palace.

Tian'anmen Square

One of the largest squares in the world (40 ha), emblem of the history of China! To the north is the Gate of Heavenly Purity, the main entrance to the Forbidden City, where Mao proclaimed the creation of the People's Republic in 1949. To the east, around Dongjiaomin Xiang, the former legation of legations, where the diplomats lived in the nineteenth century. In the center, the monument to the Heroes of the People and the Mausoleum of Mao, dating from the communist period. In the west, the People's Assembly still fulfills its political function. Theater of popular uprisings, the square saw the revolt of May 4, 1919, the liberty movement of 1976 and the great demonstrations of the spring of 1989, repressed in the blood. Today, it affirms a cultural vocation, with the opening of museums - National Museum and Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall - and the National Grand Theater.

Hutong

These famous gray brick lanes of old Beijing once housed the siheyuan (traditional dwellings) aristocrats, near the city, such as the palace of Prince Dong. After the fall of the Empire, the houses were divided to accommodate several families, and avenues traced through the maze of streets. With recent restructuring work, some of these traditional neighborhoods have been destroyed, the other classified. At random from every street corner, near the Bell Tower or the Drum Tower, historical anecdotes and secular lifestyles unfold.

Temple of Confucius / Lama Temple

Only a few steps separate here the followers of Confucius and those of the Buddha. On Guozijian Jie, the second Confucian temple of China (14th century) and its Imperial College (Guozijian), where were formed generations of mandarins. On Yonghegong Dajie, the Lamas Temple (XVIIth century AD), one of the largest Buddhist shrines in the world.

Temple of Heaven

A temple built at the same time as the Forbidden City, between 1406 and 1420, during the reign of Yongle. It was intended to receive the rites performed by the Emperor, Son of Heaven, to ensure the harmony of his people on earth, including his prayers for the harvest to be good.

Western Temples

To the west of the Forbidden City are some of the oldest religious buildings in the city. Their geographical proximity reflects the pluralism of religion in China, favored by the state: the Taoist temple of Cloud-White and the Buddhist temples of White Dagoba and Heavenly Peace.

Olympic Park

Here is the contemporary demonstration of Chinese power: the stunning National Stadium and the Aquatics Center, designed for the 2008 Olympics by Western architects.

Old Summer Palace and Summer Palace

Located 8 km north-west of the Forbidden City, the former summer palace (seventeenth-eighteenth century), five times larger, was the place of residence of the emperors (the City being reserved for ceremonies) . Top of Chinese art, this suite of gardens and pavilions, a wide variety of styles (Han, Tibetan, Mongolian ... and even Western, thanks to the Jesuit influence), was sacked in 1860 by French and British troops during the Second Opium War. Today we visit the ruins. In the 1890s, Guangxu had a new summer palace built for Empress Cixi, near the old site. Although more modest (3 km 2 all the same!), It is one of the masterpieces of Chinese landscape art.

Great Wall

The most colossal construction ever erected by man! Built between the 3rd century. BC. BC and the seventeenth century. for military purposes, 6,250 km of fortifications, in more or less good condition, cross China from east to west, from Hebei to Gansu. The nearest sections of Beijing are less than 2 hours away.

Forbidden City / Tian'anmen / Wangfujing

At dawn, the impatient crowd crossed the walls of the Forbidden City, a grand palace where the emperor, son of Heaven, was to reign forever. It was around Tian'anmen Square, the ardent heart of political activity, that Mao Zedong paved the institutions of the new China. Excluding events, the space, devoid of bench, is the realm of walkers and kite flyers. In the east, in Wangfujing, imposing neon-lined malls conquered the land with their modern restaurants and shops. And in the evening, the lanterns of a night market with curious food.

Drum Tower / Lamas Temple

North of the symbolic axis that crosses the Forbidden City, the Tambour and Bell towers lashed the hours for the inhabitants of the imperial capital. Young scholars from all over China were studying at the Confucius Temple College, not far from the Lamas Temple, from which Buddhist songs still escape. In these picturesque old hutongs , bicycles and rickshaws avoid the fruit stands under the electric wires, while arty youth frequent rock concert halls, vintage shops and hidden addresses in ancient siheyuan (square courtyards).

Lakes District / Xidan

Four lakes form the "North Sea", imagined by the Jin emperors in the 12th century. That of Beihai, bordered by an endless park planted with weeping willows and full of works of art; and, further north, those of Qianhai, Houhai and Xihai, around which the bars resound at night with techno beats. All around, the hutong of an old noble district, then occupied by the communist oligarchs, weave their canvas of renovated gray brick houses. To the west, the carillon shining East is red, song of the Cultural Revolution, announces the bustling Avenue Xidan and its American style.

Sanlitun / CBD / Villages of Artists

Modern life is agitated in the East. Sanlitun, district of the embassies, became the meeting place of the wealthy classes intoxicated by the joys of consumption. On Jianguomen Wai Dajie, lined with gleaming glass towers with tiled roofs, which are said to be "dressed in a Western jacket and a Chinese hat", as well as the achievements of great architects, such as the iconic CCTV Tower by Rem Koolhaas. Beyond the fourth ring road, Jean-Michel Wilmotte's UCCA or Araka Isozaki's CAFA Art Museum mingle with the "artists' villages" of Caochangdi and 798.

Dashilan / Temple of Heaven / Niu Jie

A former suburb of shops and acrobats, the Chinese city extends to the sacred city of the Temple of Heaven (Tiantan Si). Formerly, the Manchu princes, coming out of their walls, were going to be dazed ... Today, the drunkenness continues: gargotes, workshops, antique shops and silks, in the alleys of Dashilan and Liulichang, and under the market hall from Hongqiao; Opera theaters around Qianmen and Tianqiao avenues. Further east, the rue du Bœuf (Niu Jie), in the Muslim quarter, can be seen at its slaughterhouses. To the south, the garden of Grande-Vue (Daguanyuan Gongyuan) offers a romantic enclave.

Fuxingmen / Haidian / Summer Palace

In the west of the city, buildings of the late twentieth century. alongside those of the new millennium. In the shadow of this contemporary landscape, the most beautiful Beijing temples and their treasures speak of the past: a thousand-year-old pagoda (Tianning Si), a large Taoist shrine (Baiyunguan), a Hindu tower (Wuta Si), the intransportable bell of Emperor Yongle (Dazhong Si) ... To the north of the old zoo, skirted by the river leading to the Summer Palace, the China of tomorrow has taken up residence in Zhongguancun, the Chinese Silicon Valley, and in Haidian, the district universities. Cheap restaurants, Zen cafes, cheap bazaars and bohemian bars have made it the realm of students.