موضوع انجليزي عن الهند

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ـ موضوع انجليزي عن ابدا قصير كيفية كتابة موضوع تعبير باللغة الانجليزية توجيهي قواعد كتابة تعبير بالانجليزي طريقة سهلة لكتابة تعبير بالانجليزي موضوع تعبير انجليزي يصلح لكل المواضيع كتابة تعبير بالانجليزي عن نفسك دولة عاصمة كيفية باللغة الانجليزية كتابة تعبير بالانجليزي عن المستقبل وصف تعبير انجليزي يصلح لكل المواضيع موضوع انشاء شامل لكل المواضيع موضوع تعبير عربي يصلح لجميع المواضيع موضوع تعبير انجليزي جاهز برجراف ينفع لاى موضوع تعبير عن وطني نبذة معلومات عامة my country   عن الوطن قصير جدا طويل paragraph presentation اين  في اي قاره عاصمة السياحة  مملكة  لمحة عن  نقاط الاهتمام الوجهات عادات وتقاليد الشعوب

الشامل  قائمة مدن جمهورية  the great wall of information برزنتيشن

information about india  بوربوينت

معلومات عن الهند باللغة الانجليزية

presentation about india

موضوع انجليزي عن تاج محل

معلومات بسيطة عن الهند عن دولة الهند موضوع انجليزي عن الهند سهل

Health

Vaccines & Medications - No vaccinations are required to enter India, but it is strongly recommended to be immunized against typhoid (protection for 3 years with Typhim Vi), hepatitis A (immunity of one year with Havrix, then 10 years with a booster after 6 months), polio (booster every 5 years) and tetanus (booster every 10 years). You may need to provide proof of your yellow fever vaccination if you arrive from an infected area. Other possible vaccines, including long-stay vaccines, include meningitis, rabies, and Japanese encephalitis B. There is no immunization against dengue fever, which can be caught in India; the only protection is to avoid bites.

For minor problems, take a first aid kit containing anti-diarrhea, various antibiotics, aspirin and sterile needles; possibly plan drugs for throat infections and allergies. Do not forget your usual treatments, as well as contraceptives and condoms, sometimes hard to find.

Add dressings, antiseptic cream and purifying tablets for water. To prevent infections, clean and disinfect immediately any cut, even superficial. On site, you will find rehydrating powdered preparations (such as Vijay Electrolyte), containing mineral salts and dextrose, to dissolve in water - an ideal supplement, especially in summer or in case of diarrhea. A substitute solution is to mix a teaspoonful of salt and sugar in 500 ml of water.

Malaria - This disease transmitted by the anopheles (mosquito) is very serious and potentially fatal. In India, there are two common strains, P. falciparum and P. vivax . The symptoms, which are similar to those of a strong influenza (fever, diarrhea and / or muscle pain, tremors), can appear until one year after the departure of the infected zone. If in doubt, consult a doctor as soon as possible.

The risk is lower in large cities than elsewhere in the country (map of affected areas on www.fitfortravel.scot.nhs.uk/destinations/ malariamaps / india.htm). Prophylaxis is not always recommended (avoid over 2500 m); talk to a doctor before you leave.

The usual protection for India is the combination of proguanil (Paludrine®) daily and chloroquine (Avoclar®, Nivaquine®) once a week. Your pharmacist will give you information on the correct dosages (usually 200 mg proguanil / day and 300 mg chloroquine / week). At present, it is the only treatment possible in the event of pregnancy. Nevertheless, this association is only 70% effective at best and does not always work in highly affected areas. You must start treatment one week before departure and then continue for a month after leaving the country.

Mefloquine (Lariam®) - another weekly treatment option - is not suitable for people with epilepsy or depression, and there is a lot of empirical evidence of serious long-term side effects (even if, according to the medical profession, they do not meet with the combination proguanil / chloroquine).

Malarone® contains 2 active ingredients that work synergistically: atovaquone and proguanil. This expensive drug is recommended for travelers to areas with chloroquine-resistant strains (Assam in particular). Treatment starts on the day of departure in an endemic area and must continue for 7 days after leaving the area at risk (a single dose per day).

The best protection - it is radical - is to avoid stings: sleep under a mosquito net impregnated with permethrin, cover yourself in the evening and use an effective repellent against insects, such as DEET (diethyltoluamide). In addition, smoke curlers, sold on site, are also effective.

Mycoses -

Miliary It often appears due to excessive sweating. Try to keep the skin dry, use talcum powder and wear loose cotton clothes.

Fungal Infections Common, especially during the monsoon, they are treated by the exposure to the sun and / or the application of cream.

Insect Bites - Cheap hotels are sometimes infested with bedbugs; inspect walls and bedding. Beware of leeches that populate the humid jungle regions. To get rid of it, crack a match, light a cigarette or sprinkle the unwanted salt.

Diarrhea -

Turista Often caused by mild food poisoning, it can be avoided if you follow a few precautions: on your arrival, rest the first day and eat only simple food, such as well-cooked vegetarian dishes, Southern thali and fruits peeled. The consumption of meat dishes too rich (cooked with oil and spices) often causes stomach problems especially if you lack rest and do not allow your body time to acclimatize. Drink a lot (boiled or filtered water only). If in doubt, stick to sparkling or mineral water and soft drinks from the most common brands. Avoid ice cubes, usually made with unboiled water. All foods should be cooked and eaten hot. Flee salads and always peel fruits. In all cases of diarrhea, including dysentery and giardiasis, it is better to avoid drugs such as loperamide (Imodium®) and atropine (Lomotil®), which prevent the body from getting rid of infections. Only use it if you move. In the case of diarrhea and / or vomiting, the most important thing is to rehydrate, if possible with a specific solution based on mineral salts.

Dysentery and Giardiasis More serious forms of intestinal disorders to treat absolutely, they are characterized by diarrhea lasting more than 2 days. The dysentery is manifested by diarrhea tinged with mucus and blood, severe stomach cramps and vomiting. Bacillary dysentery evolves rapidly and is usually accompanied by fever. It sometimes disappears alone, but the usual treatment consists of 2 daily doses of 500 mg of ciprofloxacin or tetracycline for 5 days. Avoid chloramphenicol, a potent antibiotic with dangerous side effects. In cases of amoebic dysentery, which evolves more slowly and irreparably damages the intestines, a treatment proves essential. If in doubt, consult a doctor if possible or take 400 mg metronidazole (Flagyl®) during meals, 3 times / day for one week. This treatment prohibits the consumption of alcohol. A similar condition caused by a parasite, giardiasis only manifests itself after a certain time, like amoebic dysentery. Its symptoms include very liquid and nauseating diarrhea, bloating, nausea and stomach cramps. Untreated giardiasis will reappear; the treatment is identical to that of amoebic dysentery.

Mountain sickness - It can occur beyond 2500 m. Shortness of breath, palpitations, headaches, insomnia and loss of appetite should alert you. Total rest usually acclimates after 48 hours. Continue to drink enough (at least 3 to 4 liters of fluid a day).

In case of moderate sickness, inhaling a few puffs of oxygen into a filter can cause immediate relief. Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, severe thirst, drowsiness, blurred vision, weakness or hearing difficulties indicate a severe seizure, caused by too fast ascent or elevation.

The only treatment is to go down to a lower altitude on the spot. In the absence of treatment, the lack of oxygen can permanently damage the lungs. Allow a few days of acclimatization before attempting a further climb in stages. In very serious cases, in addition to an immediate descent, taking 250 mg of actazolamide (freely available in India under the name of Diamox) 2 times / day for 3 days can be effective. The fact that you have never suffered from mountain sickness during previous trips does not put you at risk: this condition can strike anyone, even healthy people.

At high altitude, 2 other very serious or even fatal conditions can affect mountaineers: pulmonary and cerebral edema. In the first case, the lungs are filled with fluid (causing cough with foam, incoherent behavior and fatigue); the only treatment is to go down immediately. The second causes a tumescence of the brain (with headaches, hallucinations and disorientation, then coma); going down on the spot can prevent death. Absorption of 4 mg dexamethasone 3 times / day results in decreased swelling; however, this powerful drug is to be administered only under medical supervision or in case of extreme urgency.

Sun-related disorders - The pernicious nature of a sunburn is now well known. Cover and apply a high sun protection sunscreen even on cloudy days. If the effects of the sun seem obvious in the plains and tropical regions of India, be vigilant in the mountains too, where the rarefaction of oxygen makes the rays more harmful despite the impression of freshness. Prolonged exposure may result in the following 2 conditions.

Frequent sunstroke , it is manifested by a weak breathing, a fast pulse and a certain pallor, often accompanied by leg cramps, headaches or nausea. Body temperature remains normal. To avoid losing consciousness, lie cool and drink water mixed with rehydrating salts or table salt.

Heat stroke More serious, it occurs mostly in hot and humid climates - babies and the elderly are the most exposed. Sudden fever, dry skin, confused ideas and fainting are the symptoms.

Carry the patient quickly to a cool room, remove his clothes and cover with a damp cloth or towels soaked in cold water. Call a doctor and ventilate the patient constantly until the temperature drops to 38 ° C.

Hospitals - In an emergency, you can call an ambulance by dialing 102 or hail a taxi or rickshaw and ask the driver to take you to the nearest hospital. Of excellent reputation, East West Rescue (www.eastwestrescue.com) offers medical assistance throughout the country.

security

In general, India is a safe country for tourism. However, a stranger remains a prime target for thieves and pickpockets. Take the usual precautions: put money, credit cards, valuables and passports in a money belt or purse tied with a cord around your neck (in crowded places, put your hand on it - this will save you a lot of money. hassle).

Do not leave your belongings unattended, especially on beaches. For your luggage, buy (on site) a solid padlock. Like Indian travelers, tie your bags to the berths of trains or bus seats. Keep a close watch on your luggage, especially when loading and unloading.

Fraudulent use of bank cards is a potential risk in India; in shops and restaurants, make sure payments are made before your eyes.

In a bag other than the one containing your cash and identity papers, keep a photocopy of the passport and visa, number and receipt of traveler's checks, details of the plane ticket, references of the insurance policy and telephone number for claim reporting, as well as a little money for emergencies. Report any theft immediately to a police station (the procedure can take hours, be patient).

Some remote areas of Orissa, Jharkand, and southern Bihar are not safe due to renewed violent attacks by Maoist groups and extreme poverty.