بحث باللغة الانجليزية عن ابن سينا

أبو علي الحسين بن عبد الله بن الحسن بن علي بن سينا، عالم وطبيب مسلم من بخارى

بحث جاهز باللغة الانجليزية عن إبن سينا (Avicenna (ibn Sinعلماء عرب .. نطرح الموضوع باللغة العربية واللغة الانكليزية أبرز إنجازات ابن سينا كتب ومؤلفات ابن سينا

بحث عن ابن سينا سيرة ابن سينا ابن سينا  نشأة ابن سينا وحياته  علوم ابن سينا  العلوم الفلكية  علم الأحياء  علم النبات  الفلسفة أبوطيلون ابن سينا في الإنجليزية عن ابن سينا بالانجليزي ومترجم موضوع انجليزي عن عالم مشهور موضوع انجليزي عن العالم

معلومات عن ابن سينا مختصرة موضوع انجليزي عن العالم الرازي تعبير عن شخص مشهور بالانجليزي قصير تعبير عن قدوتي

ibn sina

بن سينا معلومة عن ابن سينا معلومات عن ابن سينا مختصرة

الكتب ملحد شيعي انجازات ابن سينا وفاة ابن سينا

Avicenna

in Arabic Abū 'Alī al-Ḥusayn ibn Sīnā

Avicenna

Iranian doctor and philosopher (Afchana, near Bukhara, 980-Hamadan 1037).

Author of an immense medical and philosophical work that spread in Europe once translated into Latin, he exerted a great influence on medieval thought. His Canon of Medicine and his interpretations of Aristotle were authoritative until the seventeenth century.

An early scientist, close to power

Coming from a family of senior officials in the service of the Samanids, Avicenna spent his childhood and youth in Bukhara, in present-day Uzbekistan, and received a careful education. A child prodigy, he assimilates very early the sciences of his time and especially medicine, which, according to him, "is certainly not a difficult science." At the age of 17, he cured the emir of Bukhara of a serious illness: he was thus opened the doors of the court, as well as those of the rich princely library. After the fall of the Samanids, in 999, he traveled through Iran. He settles first in Gurgandj, then, around 1015, arrives at Hamadan, where he will exert political activities as vizier of the Emir of Hamadan ... and know the prison on the occasion of a revolt of soldiers . When the emir dies in 1021, he secretly leaves Hamadan and finds refuge with the Prince of Isfahan. Health problems, aggravated by a tendency to burn lives at both ends, lead to his premature death. He is dead on the road to Hamadan. In this city, his burial has become a place of popular veneration; it was surmounted by a mausoleum in 1980.

Doctor

Avicenna is undoubtedly the most famous representative of Arab medicine. Translated into Latin, his Canon of Medicine, an exhaustive account of the knowledge necessary for the practice of medicine, had a great influence in Europe until the middle of the seventeenth century. In fact, its content borrows much from the Greek doctors of antiquity (Hippocrates, Dioscorides, Galen) and differs little from the previous Arabic medical encyclopedias. Its originality lies mainly in its rigorous scheduling. The book, after having exposed the basic theoretical knowledge of anatomy, physiology, nosology, prophylaxis, hygiene and therapeutics, lists in alphabetical order the medicinal substances most used in the pharmacopoeia, examines the different diseases that affect the body from head to toe (Avicenna accurately describes the diseases he has observed: acute meningitis, eruptive fevers, pleurisy, apoplexy), finally gives the recipes to prepare the drugs. Each part is itself divided into chapters, subchapters and sections, which facilitate the consultation. Especially as Avvicenne strives to present medicine as a science where it is a question of applying the logical rules drawn from Aristotle.

It is this deeply rational aspect that will seduce Western scholars. The first to be interested in the Canon are, moreover, philosophers, such as Roger Bacon, in the thirteenth century. Quickly, the Canon imposes itself on the program of the faculties of medicine of France or Italy, where it will remain several centuries. In India, it is even until the beginning of the twentieth century that it will constitute the basis of medical studies.

For more information, see the article History of Medicine.

Philosopher

Avicenna is also a major figure in philosophy; Roger Bacon, in the thirteenth century, calls him "chief and prince of philosophers." From his abundant work - both in Arabic (Book of Instructions and Remarks, Book of Salvation, Book of Healing) and Persian (Book of Science) - there emerges a complete philosophical system, the first since Aristotle. His Book of Healing, written during his stay at Hamadan, is an encyclopedia that forms the counterpart in philosophical terms of what his Canon for medicine is. It addresses all areas: logic, physics, mathematics, cosmology, metaphysics ... These different paths will be explored by the Muslim philosophers of the following centuries, who will develop or challenge the Persian master, always in relation to him.

Avicenna's main contribution was to make Aristotle's philosophy understandable. His first contact with Peripatetic thought was not easy: in his autobiography, he confesses to have re-read the Metaphysics forty times, to the point of knowing it by heart, but without grasping anything. It is only the purchase of a commentary by al-Farabi that opens the ways of Aristotelianism. In his Book of Healing, Avicenna proceeds to a real paraphrase of Aristotle, introducing his own positions, interpreting those of the Greek philosopher in the light of Neoplatonism and especially passing them to the filter of monotheism in a daring synthesis. Translated partially into Latin as early as the twelfth century, the Book of Healing will guide the reading of Aristotle's work in the West.

Avicenna and alchemy

Often cited as an alchemist, Avicenna was indeed interested in the philosophical and scientific foundations of alchemy. He even engaged in experiments to verify by himself the allegations of the alchemists. In short, he refused to admit the reality of the transmutation of metals: he was convinced that, by ingenious methods, some succeeded in dyeing the metals and giving them the external appearance of gold or silver, without transforming them. A treatise on alchemy was falsely attributed to him, the De anima in arte alchemiae, written in fact in Spain in the first half of the twelfth century.