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Qatar

With an area of ​​11,586 km² and a population of 2.6 million, the State of Qatar is one of the smallest states in the Gulf. On the other hand, Qatar's economy is the most dynamic in the region and the per capita wealth is the highest.

Having become independent in September 1971 after 55 years of British protectorate, Qatar refused to be integrated into the United Arab Emirates Federation. Since the end of the 19th century, the country is a monarchy whose Emirs are from the Al-Thani family. On June 25, 2013, Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al-Thani, who had acceded to the throne in 1995, abdicated in favor of the Crown Prince, his son Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al-Thani.

On the economic front, Qatar is recording a remarkable development. After 10 years during which the Qatari economy was the most dynamic in the world (+ 16.7% during the period 2004-2011) thanks to the increase in the production of liquefied natural gas, the Emirate entered a new phase of its economic development. Growth (4% in 2014, 3.6% in 2015 and 2.6% in 2016- forecast) is now driven by non-hydrocarbon activities. The drop in oil prices does not call into question the dynamism of the Qatari economy whose financial situation remains solid (AA rating with a stable outlook by the major rating agencies).

In terms of GDP / capita, Qatar has become in 2010 the richest country in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (in 2015, 132,870 USD in purchasing power parity, 68 940 current USD, in 2016, 129,726 USD in purchasing power parity, 60,732 USD current).

Its economy, however, still relies heavily on hydrocarbons, which account for 50% of wealth creation, 94% of exports and 80% of budget revenues.

Qatar, with the third largest gas reserves in the world, is the world's leading producer and exporter of LNG (77 M tonnes capacity), with oil production averaging 680,000 bpd to which more than 1.2 million condensates must be added. ) declining trend since 2008, while putting a growing emphasis on petrochemicals.

Thanks to the considerable financial resources generated by the gas rent, the authorities have opted for a voluntarist policy centered on massive investments abroad via the Qatar Investment Authority (QIA) sovereign wealth fund, on the implementation of a vast infrastructure modernization program (urban development, roads, metro and rail public transport network, new commercial port, new international airport, leisure and prestige infrastructure, etc.) and finally the diversification of the economic fabric, particularly in industry (downstream oil, steel, aluminum, ...) and services (air transport, tourism, financial services,

information technology, hosting international events). Qatar aims to develop a knowledge economy by investing heavily in education, research and development.

Its intense diplomatic activity and numerous economic initiatives have enabled Qatar to become a major player on the international scene. In particular, the creation of the Arabic and English news channel "Al Jazeera" contributed to the recognition of the Emirate and the development of its influence. Similarly, Qatar is now famous for organizing sporting events such as the Asian Nations Cup (2011), the Pan-Arab Games (2011), the Men's World Handball Championship (2015), the Championships the world of athletics (2019) and especially the organization of the World Cup football in 2022.