بحث عن ابن رشد بالانجليزي

أبو الوليد محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن أحمد بن رشد (520 هـ- 595 هـ) يسميه الأوروبيون Averroesواشتهر باسم ابن رشد الحفيد تعرض ابن رشد في آخر حياته لمحنة حيث اتهمه علماء الأندلس والمعارضون له بالكفر والإلحاد ثم أبعده أبو يوسف يعقوب إلى مراكش وتوفي فيها (1198 م) نشأة ابن رشد  تعليم ابن رشد  خدمة ابن رشد في البلاط  فكر ابن رشد  مؤلفات ابن رشد  وفاة ابن رشد ابن رشد  محمد وليد أحمد بن رشد الأندلسي البربري أبو الوليد " الحفيد " (520- 595 هـ= 1126-1198م)، المعروف بابن رشد، عالم مسلم ولد في قرطبة بالاندلس،  أحد كبار الفلاسفة في الحضارة العربية الإسلامية. وقد ترك للإنسانية مآثر علمية جليلة استفادت منها بلاد الغرب الكتب مؤلفات ابن رشد انجازات ملحد فلسفة ابن رشد  اقوال ابن رشد الحفيد الجد تعريف بابن رشد ،معلومات عن أبو الوليد ،بحث كامل عن ابن رشد نبذة عن العالم إبن رشد قصة حياة ابن رشد عقيدة الإمام ابن رشد وما حقيقة خلافه مع الإمام أبي حامد الغزالي معلومات عن ابن رشد بالانجليزي من هو ابن رشد ابن رشد الحفيد مؤلفات ابن رشد انجازات ابن رشد فلسفة ابن رشد بحث جاهز باللغة الانجليزية علماء عرب .. أبرز إنجازات ابن سينا كتب ومؤلفات

بحث نشأة وحياته  علوم العلوم الفلكية  علم الأحياء  علم النبات  الفلسفة ومترجم موضوع انجليزي عن عالم مشهور موضوع انجليزي عن العالم  معلومات مختصرة موضوع تعبير عن شخص مشهور بالانجليزي قصير تعبير عن قدوتي  بن سينا معلومة عن مختصرة

الكتب انجازات وفاة  مسيرته حياته علمه تلامذته

Averroès: biography

      Ibn Rushd, says Averroes,

An actor in everyday life and an exceptional intellectual.

A family of Cordovan lawyers at the service of the Almoravids.

     Averroes belongs to a respected family of men of religion and lawyers. His grandfather, the most famous of the lineage, a grand cadi of Cordoba, was at the head of a hierarchy of magistrates, mosque attendants and preachers. Averroes Cadi (Judge) followed the family tradition, but extended it to other functions and activities.

A solid formation, pure product of the classical education of his time.

     It is done by private teachers. The initial formation begins with the study, by heart, of the Koran, to which are added the grammar, the poetry, the rudiments of calculation and the learning of the writing. Averroes studies with his father, the hadith, the Tradition relating to the acts, words and attitudes of the Prophet and the fiqh, right in the Muslim sense, according to which the religious and the legal do not dissociate. Science and philosophy are studied only after good religious training. Averroès broadens the intellectual activity of his family environment by focusing on secular sciences: physics, astronomy, medicine. At the end of his training, he is a man of religion keen on ancient knowledge and curious about nature.

An official career as a lawyer and doctor serving the Almohads.

- Cadi in Seville, a great cadi in Cordoba, he follows the career of his ancestors. In addition, he writes books of law, the best known of which is the Bidâya, still studied today in Medina.

     The objective of Averroès is to highlight what allows good judgment. The foundation of law is religious law, but there may be problems of interpretation. For example, how to reconcile the Koran, which prohibits the interest-bearing loan assimilated to usury, and the banking operations required by big business? It is a question of finding legal accommodations that can make jurisprudence. He is therefore a practitioner and a theoretician of the law.

- He is a physician, given title rarely, and which assumes a well-established reputation in the theoretical and practical field. He was appointed physician of the Almohad Emir Abu Yaqûb Yûsuf (1163-1184) in Marrakech in 1182. It is also on the occasion of their first meeting in 1166 that the prince asked him to comment on the works Aristotle. He will also be the doctor of his successor. In addition, he has written medical works including a major treatise expressing his adherence to scientific medicine inherited from the Greeks that must be reconciled with "the medicine of the prophet", a set of traditions gathering practices and advice of the Prophet in regard to care for himself and those around him.

In medicine as in law, Averroès was a practitioner and theoretician.

Averroes philosopher, a paradoxical destiny.

     It is not as a doctor nor as a jurist that Averroes was known to the Latins but as philosopher, commentator of Aristotle. The emir Yusuf I asked him, in 1166, to present pedagogically the work of Aristotle, Averroes seeks to find the authentic work. He uses several translations. By applying the principles of logical thinking including non-contradiction, and using his overall knowledge of the work, he finds errors of translation, gaps and additions. He thus discovers internal criticism. He wrote three types of comments: Great, Medium, and Abstract. He appears as the most faithful Aristotelian of medieval commentators.

     In Islam, the philosophy inherited from the Greeks, falsafa, culminates in the Orient with Ibn Sina said Avicenna (980-1037) and in the West with Averroes who knows and discusses the thought of Avicenna.

     Averroès faces the difficulty of reconciling philosophy and religion. He explains it in "The decisive treaty on the agreement of religion and philisophy". For him there is no contradiction between Revelation and philosophy: "the true can not contradict the true". But this position is not shared by the majority of theologians and believers. He himself, a man of faith who has sincerely adhered to the political-religious reform of the Almohads, invites philosophers to modesty by reminding them that their intelligence is as incapable of grasping God as the eyes of the bat to see the sun. He insists on the maintenance of religion and philosophy in two separate spheres. But he suffered the criticism of the ulema, specialists in religious knowledge.

     At one time, 1188-1189, marked by seditions in the central Maghreb and the holy war against the Christians, the sultan Abu Yûsuf Yaqûb Al-Mansûr banned philosophy, studies and books, as in the field of morals, he forbids the sale of wine and the profession of singer and musician. From 1195, Averroes, already suspect as philosopher, is victim of a campaign of opinion which aims to undermine its prestige of cadi. Al-Mansûr then sacrificed his intellectuals to the pressure of the ulema. Averroes was exiled in 1197 to Lucena, a small Andalusian town populated mainly by Jews, in decline since the Almohads banned any religion other than Islam. After a short exile of one and a half years, he is recalled to Morocco where he receives the pardon of the sultan, but is not reinstated in his functions. He died in Marrakech on 10 or 11 December 1198 without having seen Andalusia again. The death of Al-Mansûr shortly afterwards marks the beginning of the decadence of the Almohad empire.

     Suspected of heresy, he will not have any posterity in the land of Islam. Averroes' work will be saved by Jewish translators. It will go through the Jews of Catalonia and Occitania in Latin scholasticism.