موضوع انجليزي عن الماء للصف الثامن فقرة  برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزية  انشاء موضوع انجليزي عن ابدا قصير كيفية كتابة موضوع تعبير باللغة الانجليزية توجيهي قواعد كتابة تعبير  بالانجليزي طريقة سهلة لكتابة تعبير بالانجليزي موضوع تعبير انجليزي يصلح لكل المواضيع كتابة تعبير بالانجليزي عن نفسك وصف تعبير انجليزي يصلح لكل المواضيع موضوع انشاء شامل لكل المواضيع موضوع يصلح لجميع المواضيع موضوع تعبير انجليزي جاهز برجراف ينفع لاى موضوع  موضوع انجليزي عن الماء تعبير عن الماء بالانجليزي قصير وسهل فوائد الماء بالانجليزي قصير بحث عن الماء  عبارات  بالانجليزي طويل فوائد الماء للجسم  قصير وسهل بحث انجليزي عن تلوث الماء  فوائد شرب الماء بالانجليزي اهمية الماء بالانجليزي مترجم تعبير عن الماء بالانجليزي ثالث ثانوي برزنتيشن عن الماء بالانجليزي  برزنتيشن عن الماء بالانجليزي قصير  عن المياه المياه المائية خمس سبع ثمان تسع اربع جمل كلمات كلام

 . The case of Egypt: the Nile, matrix of the concept of State


According to the classic quotation from Herodotus, "Egypt is a gift of the Nile", a narrow corridor, less than 30 km wide, which flourishes in a vast delta of more than 250 km in amplitude. This exceptional configuration, at the crossroads of Africa and the Middle East, earned him successively to be conquered by the Persians and Alexander the Great, then to be part of the Roman, Byzantine, Arab and Ottoman empires. After such brewing, it is not surprising to find a breath of universalism! From prehistory to the present day, the country has been laid out, organized and exploited according to the driving rhythms of its unique river. To this need was to answer a highly centralized and methodical state, still supported today by a very hierarchical administration, charged with coordinating the hydrological observations (thanks to the nilometers), to ensure the distribution of the waters along the river, to direct the irrigation of the land, to take the cadastral surveys, to keep the tax registers (according to the level of the floods), etc. ... The conjunction between the temperament of its people and the pressure of a domineering nature has led to the development of an original culture of great creativity and prodigious coherence. Its lasting influence has made an immense contribution to our modern civilization. Indeed, Egypt is at the origin of writing, more than 5,000 years ago, also at the origin of an intelligent division of time following the rhythm of floods, sowing and harvesting. She was also a pioneer in the art of healing, later transmitted by Hippocrates and Galen. Finally, it was a cradle of the ancient wisdom of the first monotheism, under the reign of Pharaoh Akhenaton, in the 14th century BC, before becoming biblical land. Astronomy, the nilometers, the cadastre, the hydraulic society, the culture of the water, etc ... are as many inventions to put to the credit of the Egyptian civilization developed by the successive dynasties of the empire of the Pharaohs and by their elites. The unmistakable style of his many artistic talents has been, and still is, extremely successful, far beyond the Mediterranean world, not only in the field of jewelery and furniture, but also in the field of literature (and today cinema): all genres are represented, resumed and imitated to this day. By its political, administrative and bureaucratic organization structured according to the hierarchy of its networks of very ramified canals or its basins of irrigation and drainage of grounds, it invented, and even materialized on the ground, the concept of State then perfected by the Romans. Until the present day, the form of government of Egypt continues to resemble a modern reproduction of the political and administrative organization laid out by the Pharaohs of Antiquity.

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