Bahla Fort
(Arabic: قلعة
بهلاء) is one of four fortresses
at the foot of Jebel Akhdar, the upper part of Oman. Located more precisely in
the oasis of Bahla, it is registered since 1987 on the list of the world
inheritance.
It was
built by the Banu Nabhan community that dominated the 12th century region at the
end of the 15th century. The building is adobe with a base of stone1.
From 1988
to 2004, it was inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger.
Bahla Fort
The oasis
of Bahla owes its prosperity to the Banu Nabhan, who imposed themselves on
other communities between the twelfth century and the end of the fifteenth
century. Their power is attested by the ruins of the immense walled fort and
the raw brick towers and the stone basement, a remarkable example of this type
of fortification.
Outstanding
universal value
Brief
synthesis
The ruins
of the huge Bahla fort, with its walls and raw brick towers on a stone base,
and the adjacent Friday mosque, with its artistically carved prayer niche
(mihrab), dominate the surrounding brick building. flood and the palm grove.
The fort and human settlement, an oasis surrounded by a rampart in the Omani
desert, owed its prosperity to the Banu Nabhan tribe (Nabahina) who dominated
the central region of Oman and made Bahla their capital of the twelfth century
until at the end of the fifteenth. From there they established relations with
the other tribes of the interior. Bahla was the center of Ibadism (one of the
branches of Islam) on which the ancient Omani imamates were based and whose
influence is found throughout Arabia, Africa and beyond.
The
imposing wall (sur) with the walkway and the watchtowers that contain the
labyrinth of raw brick dwellings and cultivated land has several entrances. The
oasis is irrigated by the falaj, system of wells and underground canals bringing
groundwater from distant sources, and by the management of seasonal water
flows.
Bahla
offers an eminent example of a fortified oasis square of the medieval Islamic
period, illustrating the know-how of the first inhabitants to use water for
agricultural and domestic purposes. The pre-gunpowder fort, with its rounded
towers and crenellated parapets, as well as the peripheral built of stone and
raw brick, demonstrates the status and influence of the ruling elite.
Remains of
mudbrick family dwellings with their traditional vernacular houses (harats)
including al-Aqr, al-Ghuzeili, al-Hawulya and associated mosques, courtrooms
(sablas), baths, and mansions guardians of the fort (askari), evoke a distinct
human settlement model related to the location of falaj. The importance of the
establishment is highlighted by the Friday mosque with its richly decorated
mihrab and the remains of the old market (souq) half-covered, including a set
of single-storey shops open on narrow alleys, the all enclosed behind an outer
wall. The location of the souq made it easier to watch from the fort on its
nearby rocky escarpment. Remains of carved and artistically incised doors,
shelves and window meshes bear witness to a rich and prosperous artisan
tradition.
Criterion
(iv): The fort and oasis settlement of Bahla with its fortification are an
outstanding example of a type of defensive architectural ensemble that has
allowed the dominant tribes to prosper in Oman and the Arabian Peninsula in end
of medieval times.
Integrity
(2010)
At the
time of inscription, it was noted that the fort of Bahla and the neighboring
Friday mosque are inseparable from the small oasis town surrounding it and the
delimitation follows the course of the (sur) wall which encloses the whole of
the oasis establishment. A road crosses the property.
The main
components of the Bahla architectural ensemble have survived and form both an
integral and almost complete fortified historic oasis site and an important
defensive complex. Comprising mainly earthen structures, they are however
vulnerable to degradation and poor drainage of the site and, in the case of the
souq, are vulnerable to reconstruction in modern materials.
The falaj
system and the river on which the village depends, as well as the historic
roads linking it to other towns in the interior, extend far beyond its
perimeter. Despite some urban development at the end of the 20th century and
the beginning of the 21st century, Bahla remains a prominent place in the
desert landscape. Its continued prominence in the landscape and visual
perspectives are vulnerable to the imperatives of community development and
tourism. The maintenance of the supervisory role of the fort facing the souq,
the surrounding village and the access roads will depend on a management plan.
It can be
said that the form, design and materials that confer the Outstanding Universal
Value of the property have largely retained their authenticity. The property
was removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2004.
Bahla
remains a prosperous territory. However, authenticity is vulnerable to
abandoning traditional vernacular houses inside harats. The souq is also
vulnerable to lack of conservation and maintenance and changes in materials and
construction methods.
Protection
and Management Needs (2010)
The
property of Bahla Fort and its oasis is administratively and legally protected
by the Omani Law for the Protection of the National Heritage (1980). The fort
and its surroundings are under the control of the Ministry of Heritage and
Culture in Muscat, which has a regional office in the Dakhliyeh region and a
local office in Bahla.
The
property has a management plan dated March 2005, focusing on the long-term
care, conservation and use of historic buildings, structures and the spatial
form of the site. The plan also recognizes the importance of maintaining the
site in its entirety and the need to manage modern uses and development to
preserve the integrity of the architectural ensemble and its prominence.
Several of
the actions defined in the management plan have been advanced and implemented,
such as the Friday mosque conservation, the qasaba, the sur and the access
roads, the elaboration of recommendations for the rehabilitation of harats, the
deviation of traffic through the property, electrification of the fort and
installation of a site museum in Bayt al-Hadith within the fort
.
The
management plan is being evaluated and will be updated in 2009/2010 for
official adoption. The revised and updated Management Plan will form the basis
for the long-term management of the property.
قلعة بهلاء بالانجليزي
bahla fort
presentation about
bahla fort
من بنى قلعة بهلاء
سور بهلاء ويكي
معلومات عن قلعة نزوى
قصة قلعة بهلاء
قصة سور بهلاء
قلعة بهلاء بعد الترميم
موضوع انجليزي عن الماء للصف الثامن فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزية انشاء موضوع انجليزي عن ابدا قصير كيفية كتابة موضوع تعبير باللغة الانجليزية توجيهي قواعد كتابة تعبير بالانجليزي طريقة سهلة لكتابة تعبير بالانجليزي
موضوع تعبير انجليزي يصلح لكل المواضيع كتابة تعبير بالانجليزي عن نفسك وصف تعبير انجليزي
يصلح لكل المواضيع موضوع انشاء شامل لكل المواضيع موضوع يصلح لجميع المواضيع موضوع
تعبير انجليزي جاهز برجراف ينفع لاى موضوع
موضوع انجليزي عن الماء قصير وسهل فوائد بالانجليزي عبارات بالانجليزي طويل اهمية مترجم ثالث ثانوي اول ثاني
ثانوي متوسط خمس سبع ثمان تسع اربع جمل كلمات كلام مقال علمي مقدمة بحث انجليزي حلول
اسباب حل مشكلة طويل شعر وصف قدوتي في الحياه انشودة نشيد كلام جميل حالات
إرسال تعليق