انشاء عن العراق انكليزي
انشاء عن العراق بالانجليزي للصف الاول متوسط
انشاء عن العراق بالانجليزي قصير
انشاء عن العراق بالانجليزي للصف الثاني متوسط
انشاء عن العراق بالانجليزي قصير جدا
انشاء عن العراق بالانجليزي للصف الاول متوسط قصير
by Pierre Rondot
The Diplomatic WorldIraq, mosaic of people, remains as a whole Arab and Muslim ↑
Nothing is more varied than the human landscape of Iraq. In no other state in the Arab world is there such a large variety of people: the religious, sociological, linguistic and, therefore, most of the time ethnic differences, accumulated by a very long history of invasions, exoduses, ebb and flow, conversions and absorptions, intertwine, overlap and intertwine in this march of Asia.
On the banks of the Tigris, Euphrates and Chatt-El-Arab, between the south-eastern slope of the Great Turko-Kurdo-Iranian High Arc and the northern and eastern reaches of the Arabian steppe, some 10 million Iraq form a true mosaic of peoples.
Even by sacrificing many significant details, an overview of the settlement of Iraq can only be sketched out by accumulating from the start a multitude of disparate traits.
The majority of Iraq is unquestionably Arab and Muslim.
But this statement would not give an exact account of the state of things, if it were not immediately tempered by three important remarks. First of all, there is a massive Kurdish settlement in Iraq. Then, Iraqi Islam includes two quite distinct branches. Lastly, various shades appear within these large categories, at the same time that many minor elements are juxtaposed with them.
Any precise evaluation is impossible: statistics have always been quite misleading in these regions; and henceforth we have ceased to list according to these religious and linguistic categories, as much to avoid exasperating differences as to restrict the possibilities of their political exploitation. Therefore, the percentages that, to fix the ideas somewhat, we will advance below, will have to be considered as only corresponding to rough estimates. Moreover, we know that the very notions of "majority" and "minorities" are relatively relative: numerical data are not the only ones to be taken into account, and the degree of social evolution and political weight, which can only be appreciated somewhat arbitrarily (1).
With these reservations, we will propose the following global description:
The Arabs are, in Iraq, the greatest number. However, from a religious point of view, they are divided into a large Muslim Shiite group (over 50% of the total population) and a Sunni Muslim group numerically much weaker (about 17%) but more influential, to which must be added, apart from Islam, the Aramean Arab elements (about 3%) that constitute many Arab Christians.
However, the Sunni Muslim group is not just Sunni Arabs, but includes most of the smaller Turkoman swarms. Kurds (at least 28%); the latter, in fact, are almost all Sunni Muslims, with the exception of a few Shiites, small Yezidi kernels and Christian elements that the language and the social state are related to the Kurds. Sunni Muslims are estimated to be around 45%, mostly non-Arabs (2).
Thus, leaving aside various nuances, the accumulation of which is characteristic of the country and to which we will return, we can distinguish in the Iraqi population three major components, made up of relatively compact and coherent groups, which, geographically, are distributed the national space:
- In the south, in lower Mesopotamia and near the Gulf, the Shiite Arabs (more than 50%)
- In the center and west, around Baghdad, along the middle course of the rivers and in the steppe, the Sunni Arabs (about 17%), to which are joined various Arabized elements;
- On the north and north-east, on the mountainside and in the foothills, the Kurds overwhelmingly Sunni (more than 28%).
Each of these Iraqi groups, it will be noticed, finds a sort of prolongation in similar populations established beyond the borders: the Sunni Arabs, through the Bedouins of the steppe and the peasants and townspeople bordering the Euphrates, to Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Syria; the Shiite Arabs to Iran, which belongs to the same branch of Islam, and which also includes one of their swarms; the Kurds, to their brethren in Northern Syria, Turkey and Iran.
While the international boundaries of Iraq, set half a century ago, are largely arbitrary, its true borders may therefore be internal, if the centralizing State, from Baghdad, did not strive to to make sure of it.
انشاء عن العراق بالانجليزي ومترجم بالعربي
انشاء عن العراق بالانجليزي للصف الثالث متوسط
انشاء عن العراق بالانجليزي
انشاء عن العراق بالانجليزي ومترجم
تعبير عن العراق بالانجليزي مترجم
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