saving energy موضوع

saving energy موضوع

saving energy موضوع

موضوع تعبير عن توفير الطاقة بالانجليزي

برجراف عن توفير الطاقة

برجراف عن توفير الطاقه

برجراف عن saving energy

موضوع عن توفير الطاقة باللغة الانجليزية

مقالة عن توفير الطاقة باللغة الانجليزية

براجراف عن توفير الطاقه

تعبير عن تقديم وظيفه بالانجليزي

براجراف عن توفير الطاقة

تعبير انجليزي عن توفير الطاقة

موضوع عن توفير الطاقة بالانجليزي

برجراف عن الحفاظ على الطاقة

موضوع عن توفير الطاقه بالانجليزي

برجراف عن توفير الطاقة باللغة الانجليزية

موضوع بالانجليزي عن توفير الطاقة

تعبير عن توفير الطاقة بالانجليزي

saving energy موضوع

برجراف عن حفظ الطاقه

برجراف عن مصادر الطاقة واهميتها

تعبير عن التقدم لوظيفة بالانجليزي

موضوع عن saving energy

تعبير انجليزي عن توفير الطاقه

موضوع عن توفير الطاقه باللغه الانجليزيه

برجراف عن كيفية توفير الطاقة

موضوع عن الحفاظ على الطاقة بالانجليزي

Energy in developing countries: what role for nuclear energy?

Energy in developing countries: what role for nuclear energy?

Energy plays a vital role in economic and social development. In fact, there is no development and poverty reduction without a reliable and sustainable supply of energy. Energy contributes to the improvement of social conditions (health, education, food and decent living) and economic development (private sector development, investment, employment, industrialization, innovation, etc.). Yet many developing countries are still unable to meet the energy needs of their countries and thus create the necessary conditions that could trigger effective development and reduce poverty. 1.4 billion people do not yet have access to energy and most of them are in developing countries. According to the United Nations forecast of world population growth, the population is projected to grow from 6.7 billion in 2011 to 8.7 billion in 2035, implying a substantial increase in energy demand. More than 70% of this increase in demand is expected from developing countries, the main ones being China and India.

In regions such as Africa, energy poverty does not reflect the real potential of existing natural resources in these many countries. In fact, Africa is endowed with many natural resources (oil, gas, coal, sun, water, wind, uranium, etc.) that could meet the current and projected energy demand if certain bottlenecks were removed and if adequate measures were taken.

As specific examples, and this is indeed a paradox, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, only 9% of the population has access to electricity, while the country has a huge hydroelectric potential [1]. Nigeria is one of the world's leading oil-producing countries and is a member of OPEC and could supply electricity to 55.6% of its population. Niger and Namibia are the 4th and 5th world leaders in uranium production, but only 14.4% and 47.3% of their population respectively have access to electricity [2].

Access to traditional sources and renewable energy sources has so far been limited due to several factors, such as political instability, lack of investment funds, overly burdensome national regulatory policies, technological barriers, too small markets and too little transport within and between neighboring countries.

Climate change and recent environmental disturbances have been seen as a consequence of ecological footprints of natural and human origin, and the unsustainable use of limited natural resources and the destruction of our ecosystem over the centuries. past.

We have recently witnessed devastating environmental disasters on all continents, and developing countries have been more vulnerable to the long-term adverse effects of these disasters, posing an additional challenge to their national development agenda. The need to urgently reduce the increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has gained international support and calls for greening the economy have reached a point of no return.

Renewable energies are promoted as alternative clean energy. There are many financial incentives and investments in energy development policies, and traditional donors and investors prefer to support energies with abundant and infinite sources such as wind, solar, geothermal and energy. to some extent, water.

Nuclear energy, which had its glory years until the mid-1980s, seems to be portrayed as obsolete and therefore rejected as a viable generalized option in major international policy and energy development debates.