برجراف عن saving energy

برجراف عن saving energy

saving energy موضوع

موضوع تعبير عن توفير الطاقة بالانجليزي 

برجراف عن توفير الطاقة 

برجراف عن توفير الطاقه 

برجراف عن saving energy 

موضوع عن توفير الطاقة باللغة الانجليزية 

مقالة عن توفير الطاقة باللغة الانجليزية

براجراف عن توفير الطاقه 

تعبير عن تقديم وظيفه بالانجليزي

براجراف عن توفير الطاقة

تعبير انجليزي عن توفير الطاقة

موضوع عن توفير الطاقة بالانجليزي

برجراف عن الحفاظ على الطاقة 

موضوع عن توفير الطاقه بالانجليزي 

برجراف عن توفير الطاقة باللغة الانجليزية

موضوع بالانجليزي عن توفير الطاقة 

تعبير عن توفير الطاقة بالانجليزي 

saving energy موضوع 

برجراف عن حفظ الطاقه 

برجراف عن مصادر الطاقة واهميتها 

تعبير عن التقدم لوظيفة بالانجليزي 

موضوع عن saving energy 

تعبير انجليزي عن توفير الطاقه 

موضوع عن توفير الطاقه باللغه الانجليزيه 

برجراف عن كيفية توفير الطاقة 

موضوع عن الحفاظ على الطاقة بالانجليزي 

INFORMATION IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY IN FRANCE

ANTOINETTE DAVID

Information, as part of the agenda of the 7th World Energy Conference, demonstrates the vital role it plays today, particularly in the energy field. Is it not "one of the engines of progress, since it is at the base of decisions, since it allows technology to be transmitted, and inventions to be realized"?

To play this role, information must be effectively transmitted to those who need it. However, this transmission poses problems and raises difficulties of great complexity. Although they are not specific to the energy sector, in this case they are particularly significant, because of the very nature of this sector, which is at the same time the basis and the junction point of many disciplines.

It is in fact on this plane that the study of information is situated.

How can existing energy information be transmitted so that potential users receive what is needed in a timely manner?

After defining the domain concerned, we propose to explain by whom the information is processed, that is, to present the structure of the French information network. We will then situate the nature and importance of this information, those to whom it is addressed, and the means adopted. We will strive to highlight, according to users with different needs and different attitudes, the means of transmission adopted.

These means are changing in the face of the transformation and development of both the information itself and the users. We will try to highlight the problems, the trends or the solutions envisaged, to identify the specific elements of the field of energy itself.

I. - INFORMATION IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY

Let us first specify the domain concerned. This means all the data (facts, concepts, instructions) published and likely to be communicated, interpreted or processed. These data are interesting in our case, the different forms of energy: coal, oil, gas, electricity, nuclear energy, solar energy.

They concern, in their scientific, technological and, above all, economic aspects: production, transport, distribution and uses, mainly thermal, without going into the particular technologies of each branch.

Although defined, this area is very vast; moreover, its borders are not precise, because it penetrates to different degrees, in all sectors of industry and economy.

And this peculiarity of energy largely conditions both the production and the exploitation of the corresponding information.

II. - STRUCTURE OF THE FRENCH INFORMATION NETWORK

This information, who exploits it?

Following the meaning we have given to the term "information", we mean the network constituted by the documentation centers. Let us be clear right away to clarify our presentation, that the structure of this network is explained by the very physiognomy of the field of energy, as we have just presented.

DOCUMENTATION CENTERS.

Many centers bring together documentation in this field. For some, it represents the whole activity, for the others, only part.

On the other hand, those who are in the service of a company, those who are responsible for a sector, should be distinguished for the collection, processing and dissemination of the corresponding literature. We will only speak here of these: the business centers are, to a certain extent, the users of the specialized centers. They exist in function and for a restricted population of users, those of their organization, and do not give, as a result, the reflection of information by sector.

Referring to their specialization, the centers are easily indexed by source of energy and use. First of all, in each of the major sectors, coal, oil, gas, electricity, nuclear energy, thermal use, there is a primary center responsible for information for all or some of the different aspects of this sector. These centers, in addition to a broad openness to the outside, have the greatest concern to collect all the information published in their field, and also to disseminate them widely and efficiently. However, not everyone is the only one specialized in their sector. Thus, in the field of nuclear energy, next to the CEA (Atomic Energy Commission) Center, we will mention that of the ATEN (Technical Association for Nuclear Energy), that of BREVATOME (nuclear patent organization) .