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About COVID-19

Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more serious illnesses such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) . A novel coronavirus (nCoV) corresponds to a new strain that has not been identified in humans previously.

Coronaviruses are zoonotic in nature, meaning that they are transmitted from animals to humans. Detailed investigations revealed that SARS-CoV and and MERS-CoV were transmitted to humans from civet cats and camels respectively. Several known coronaviruses are circulating in animals that have not yet infected humans.

Common signs of infection are respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing. In more severe cases, the infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure and even death.

Standard recommendations for preventing the spread of infection include regular hand washing, covering your mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, completely cooking meat and eggs. Avoid close contact with anyone exhibiting symptoms of respiratory illness such as coughing and sneezing.

 

Definition: what is a coronavirus?

Coronaviruses are a family of various viruses (Coronaviridae) which can infect both humans and animals. Their name means "crown virus" and comes from the fact that they all have a crown-shaped appearance when viewed under a microscope. Coronaviruses were first identified in humans in the 1960s. They are viruses causing emerging diseases, that is, new infections due to changes or mutations in the virus. Human coronaviruses mainly cause respiratory infections, ranging from the common cold to severe and sometimes fatal pneumonia. They can also be accompanied by digestive disorders such as gastroenteritis.

 

Incubation time

The incubation time corresponds to the time between exposure to the virus and the appearance of the first symptoms. For coronaviruses, it is evaluated between 3 and 5 days in the majority of cases, but can last in extreme cases from 12 to 14 days.

 

The types of coronavirus: SARS, MERS, Sars-CoV-2 ...

3D image of the MERS coronavirus virusMERS Coronavirus in 3D © 123RF-Kateryna Kon

There are four main subgroups of coronavirus, called alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. And seven different forms including four common (less serious than the others):

 

229E (alpha coronavirus)

NL63 (alpha coronavirus)

OC43 (beta-coronavirus)

HKU1 (beta-coronavirus)

And three more serious:

SARS-CoV (the beta-coronavirus that causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, identified in China in 2002).

MERS-CoV (the beta coronavirus that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome, or MERS discovered in 2012 in Saudi Arabia).

Sars-SoV-2 or Covid-19 was identified for the first time in China (Wuhan) in December 2019. This coronavirus has many similarities with that of SARS (animal origin, genetically identical at 80%, responsible for lung infections) but also notable differences for scientists in terms of its contagion. It is contagious from the onset of symptoms and sometimes even without symptoms, whereas SARS was contagious a few days after the first symptoms. There are also mild and asymptomatic forms of Covid-19, while SARS only caused severe forms.

 

 

 

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