موضوع عن هشاشة العظام بالانجليزي

موضوع عن هشاشة العظام بالانجليزي

أعراض هشاشة العظام في اليد

علاج هشاشة العظام

عبارات عن هشاشة العظام

نسبة هشاشة العظام

أنواع هشاشة العظام

علاج هشاشة العظام بالاكل

هشاشة العظام ويكيبيديا

هشاشة عظام بالانجليزي

 

 

Osteoporosis is a disease that affects the bones and puts them at a higher risk of fracture. Bone loss is usually seen with fragility, most often caused by an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. This loss of bone density is accompanied by a change in the overall bone architecture. It affects nearly 40% of women and 8% of men. A third of the women concerned risk being the victim of a fracture secondary to osteoporosis, and this from the age of 50.

 

 

Causes and risk factors

Osteoporosis is most often caused by hormonal changes during menopause and andropause in men. The drop in estrogen and testosterone leads to an increase in the rate of bone remodeling causing bone loss leading to this fragility. However, not all women have osteoporosis. The risk of this pathology occurring depends on many predispositions.

 

 

A history of osteoporosis in the family, especially in the mother, or being thin are risk factors for osteoporosis, as are late puberty, early menopause or surgery, low physical activity and low calcium intake and vitamin D. Heavy alcohol and coffee consumption increases the risk of osteoporosis, as does the intake of certain medications (corticosteroids, thyroid hormones, heparin), and certain endocrine diseases, such as hyperthyroidism.

 

 

Symptoms

Osteoporosis is a disease that often goes unnoticed because it sometimes does not cause any manifestation or pain and it is only discovered during a fracture. The risk of fractures is all the greater the older the person is.

 

The fractures seen during osteoporosis are usually of 3 types, namely wrist fractures, femoral neck fractures and spine fractures. Fractures can cause pain and a particularly disabling loss of autonomy in everyday life, but also a loss of self-confidence.

 

Signs of osteoporosis include the following:

 

Loss of height of a few centimeters

Fracture outside of a violent shock from the fifties

Scoliosis or kyphosis

Violent spinal pain, difficulty in performing certain everyday activities.

osteoporosis bone © 123RF-Alexey Kazakov

Diagnosis: bone densitometry

The appearance of these manifestations requires talking to your doctor who will consider performing a bone densitometry to assess the amount of demineralized bone. This test allows an early diagnosis of osteoporosis, in order to quickly implement treatment and preventive measures. It also helps to monitor the development of osteoporosis.

 

Treatments

Healthy lifestyle rules make it possible to reduce the risk of osteoporosis occurring or to reduce its manifestations. Physical activity helps to preserve bone capital, regardless of age, by increasing calcium uptake and thus preventing bone demineralization.

 

In some cases, treatment may be offered to limit the risk of fracture:

 

Zoledronic acid: it acts on the bone by inhibiting its destruction by cells called "osteoclasts", which are responsible for bone resorption.

Teriparitide: a hormone that stimulates bone formation by activating cells called "osteoblasts". It also increases the absorption of calcium during digestion.

Raloxifene: it reproduces the protective effects of estrogen on the bone and reduces the risk of vertebral fractures linked to osteoporosis, without acting on the breast and the uterus, unlike estrogen.

Denosumab: it inhibits the formation, function and survival of osteoclasts.

Before starting treatment for osteoporosis, Bone Mineral Density (BMD) should be measured by bone densitometry which quantifies bone loss by the T-score. The more it decreases, between -1 and -4, the more the risk of an invoice increases.

 

Osteoporosis and Diet

The prevention of osteoporosis requires a diet with little salt, a good intake of vitamin D (fatty fish, liver) and a limitation of the intake of animal proteins once you reach adulthood. A balanced diet should be sufficiently rich in calcium with a regular consumption of milk, cheese, yogurt or cottage cheese. Plants are also a source of polyphenols, the effects of which on the bone structure are increasingly recognized.

 

Osteoporosis, calcium and vitamin D

A sufficient supply of calcium and vitamin D must be ensured, in particular in young subjects, in the midst of building up bone mass. Calcium and / or vitamin D supplementation is sometimes necessary in the event of a proven calcium and / or vitamin D deficiency.