موضوع بالانجليزي عن وسائل المواصلات

موضوع بالانجليزي عن وسائل المواصلات

تعبير عن وسائل المواصلات

موضوع عن وسائل المواصلات قديما وحديثا بالانجليزي

محادثة انجليزي عن وسائل النقل

وسائل النقل بالانجليزي مع الصور

تعبير عن المواصلات في جدة

وسائل المواصلات بالانجليزي

تعبير عن وسيلة النقل السيارة بالانجليزي

مزايا وعيوب وسائل النقل بالانجليزي

 

 

Determination of means of transport

   

     

 

 

 

Just like determining the logistics infrastructure, determining the means of transport is one of the fundamental steps in determining the logistics network. Indeed, the organization of a transport operation consists in scheduling the successive transport and storage operations, while taking into account the logistical means to be deployed in the points where the goods undergo a break in load.

 

This article is mainly focused on the method of determining the means of transport. This exercise consists of choosing the appropriate means of transport. That is to say, the one that allows to transport at optimal cost, under the best conditions and time, the goods from a place of shipment to a place of destination.

 

The choice of the "appropriate" means of transport results from a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the goods and those of the different modes of transport serving the shipping and destination areas. In other words, two factors for which it will be a question of emerging synergies.

 

 

 

A- Factors related to the goods to be transported.

 

Different characteristics of goods influence the choice of means of transport for any transport operation. Among these, we distinguish:

 

 

The nature of the goods (perishable, dangerous, dry, frozen, etc.). This is a prerequisite for determining whether these goods require special conditions of transport;

The conditioning and packaging of goods. It can be bulk (solid, liquid or gas), conventional goods (crates, drums, vats, logs, tubes, bags, etc.) or containerized goods;

The quantities of goods. They allow a fair estimate of the necessary transport capacity (size, dimensions, number of transport vehicles);

The deadlines (expiry, delivery, etc.) in order to classify the modes of transport according to their speed;

The costs. An analysis of the direct and indirect costs acquired by mode of transport makes it possible to compare the different solutions and identify those which are financially feasible and advantageous.

 

The importance of each of these factors varies depending on the context and various other indirect constraints not listed in this article. There is therefore no standard order of priority among these.

   

 

B- Factors related to modes of transport

 

The table below presents a comparative analysis of the different modes of transport and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each. Beyond this mode-by-mode study, the determination of the means of transport aims to bring out the best possible offer for a delivery operation. Other solutions can therefore be considered at the end of this analysis: the outsourcing of transport (use of a logistics provider), or the organization of a multimodal operation (combination of several modes of transport).

 

The evolution of Transport through history:

 

                   Given its major contribution to the development of the economy, transport has undergone a crucial evolution throughout history, here are its main stages:

 

 

    1) Transport during the pre-industrial era (before 1800)

 

         - Animal power, for land transport;

         - The force of the wind, for maritime transport.

 

 

     2) transport and the industrial revolution: (1800-1870)

 

           - invention of the steam engine (profound change in the transport system by

         mechanization of the operating principle of land transport

          and maritime);

          - 1830: the first commercial rail line linking Manchester to Liverpool

          - 1838: establishment of the 1st regular service shipping lines

                      passengers per steamship (transatlantic);

          - 1869: transcontinental rail line between New York and San Francisco

                 (reduced the duration of the crossing from 6 months to one week);

      

Consequences:

 

 

            a) in this period, it is a pivotal achievement,

               making it accessible to Eastern USA

              vast stocks of resources as well as new agricultural regions;

            b) the main consequence of the industrial revolution was

                a specialization of transport services combined with the establishment

                extensive energy and raw material distribution networks.

 

       3) Emergence of modern transport (1870-1920)

 

 

          -1870: the development of the railway and the tramway for transport

                 intra-urban by electric power;

        - Invention of the velocipede as a means of transport