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Benefits of space exploration -

 

At the end of the space race, a new rationale for investing in space exploration emerged, centered on the pragmatic use of space to improve life on Earth. As the rationale for government-funded space programs shifted to the "public good", space agencies began to articulate and measure the broader socio-economic benefits that could flow from their activities, including direct and indirect benefits ( or less obvious) exploration of space. However, these programs have also been criticized and a number of drawbacks have been cited Benefits of space exploration

 

Direct and Indirect Benefits of Space Exploration Space agencies, governments, researchers and commentators have isolated a large number of direct and indirect benefits of space exploration programs, including: new technologies that can be used in d 'other industries and in society (such as the development of communication satellites) better knowledge of space and the origin of the universe cultural advantages. In an attempt to quantify the benefits derived from space exploration, NASA has calculated that 444,000 lives have been saved, 14,000 jobs have been created, $ 5 billion in revenue has been generated and there have been $ 6.2 billion in dollars in cost savings due to spinoffs. NASA research programs. NASA says that among the many spin-off technologies emerging from the space exploration program, notable advancements have been made in health and medicine, transportation, public safety, consumer goods, energy and environment, information technology and industrial productivity. . Solar panels, water purification systems, dietary formulas and supplements, innovation in materials science, and global search and rescue systems are some of the ways these technologies have spread throughout the world. everyday life. The development of satellite technology The development of artificial satellite technology was a direct result of space exploration. Since the launch of the USSR's first man-made satellite on October 4, 1957, Sputnik 1, thousands of satellites have been orbiting the Earth by more than 40 countries. These satellites are used for a variety of applications, including observation (by military and civilian agencies), communication, navigation, and weather monitoring. Space stations, space telescopes, and spacecraft orbiting the Earth are also considered satellites. Communication Satellites Communication satellites are used for a variety of purposes, including television, telephone, radio, the Internet, and military applications. According to Statista, there were 2,666 active artificial satellites orbiting Earth in 2020, of which 1,327 belonged to the United States and 363 to China. Many of these satellites are in geostationary orbit 22,236 miles (35,785 km) above the equator, so the satellite appears to be stationary at the same point in the sky. Communication satellites can also be in medium earth orbit (called MEO satellites) with an orbital altitude ranging from 2,000 to 36,000 kilometers (1,200 to 22,400 mi) above Earth and a low Earth orbit (known as satellites LEO) 160 to 2,000 kilometers (99 to 1,243 mi) above Earth. MEO and LEO orbits are closer to the Earth's surface and, therefore, more satellites are needed in such a constellation to ensure continuous communications. Satellites are essential for providing communications to remote areas and to ships where other communication technologies cannot. Weather satellites The United States, Europe, India, China, Russia and Japan all have orbiting weather satellites that are used to monitor the Earth's weather, environment and climate. Weather satellites in polar orbit cover the entire Earth asynchronously, or geostationary satellites cover the same spot on the equator. In addition to monitoring weather trends for forecasts, which is extremely important for certain activities and industries (such as agriculture and fishing), weather satellites monitor fires, pollution, auroras, sandstorms and storms. dust, as well as snow cover and ice mapping. They were also used to monitor ash clouds from volcanoes

 

 

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