تعبير برجراف مقال نبذة سيرة انشاء تقرير
موضوع برزنتيشن فقرة
،بحث
كامل نبذة عن العالم قصة حياة معلومات بالانجليزي من هو مؤلفات انجازات فلسفة بحث
جاهز باللغة الانجليزية علماء عرب .. أبرز كتب ومؤلفات The story
بحث نشأة وحياته علوم العلوم
الفلكية علم الأحياء علم النبات الفلسفة ومترجم موضوع انجليزي
عن عالم مشهور موضوع انجليزي عن العالم معلومات مختصرة موضوع تعبير عن شخص
مشهور بالانجليزي قصير تعبير عن قدوتي معلومة عن مختصرة
الكتب انجازات وفاة مسيرته حياته علمه
تلامذته باختصار مترجم العالم
جابر بن حيان بن عبد الله الأزدي عالم مسلم عربي
جابر بن حيان
نشأة جابر بن حيان دراسات جابر بن حيان دراسة علم الكيمياء دراسة علم الفلك نبذة مختصرة عن جابر بن حيان
جابر بن حيان أبو الكيمياء
بحث عن جابر بن حيان باللغه الانجليزيه
jabir ibn hayyan انجازات جابر
بن حيان تاريخ وفاة جابر بن حيان جابر بن حيان اسمه نشاته انجازاته مولده
تعليمه وفاته العلم الذي برع فيه جابر بن
حيان جابر بن حيان the invention of verity مولد جابر بن حيان القاب جابر بن حيان
جابر بن حيان the
invention of verity مولد جابر بن حيان التاريخ والمكان
انجازات العالم جابر بن حيان في الكيمياء تعليم جابر بن حيان وتحصيله العلمي
وفاة جابر بن حيان اختراعات
جابر بن حيان متى توفي جابر بن حيان
Jabir Ibn Hayyan: Works of Jabir
ibn Hayyan
Jabir's writings can be
classified into four categories:
1. The 112 Books dedicated to the
viziers and Caliph Haroun al Rashid, descendants of the Afghan priests
guardians of Buddhist holy places. They include the Arabic version of the
famous "Emerald Table" (Tabula Smaragdina), an ancient hermetic text
belonging to "spiritual" alchemy. This text has been translated into
Latin and published a large number of times in the Middle Ages.
2. The 70 Books, most of which
were translated into Latin during the Middle Ages.
3. The 10 Books of Rectification,
which contain the biography of "alchemists" among whom are
Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.
4. The 4 group, including the
Books of Equilibrium, which contain his theory on balance in nature. It is
difficult to determine exactly which were written by Jabir and which ones were
written by his students, but it is certain that they all originated in his
alchemy school.
Jabir Ibn Hayyan: The
Pseudo-Geber
The Middle Ages wrongly
attributed to Jabir, henceforth called Latin Geber or Pseudo-Geber, works of
alchemy that are apocryphal. Marcelin Berthelot has shown that Geber's Latin
works could not have come from Jabir ibn Hayyan but dated back to the end of
the 13th century, because they describe chemical substances, especially mineral
acids, and chemistry processes unknown to Arabs and which fall under the end of
the 13th century (Chemistry in the Middle Ages, pp. 336-350).
The most famous of these books of
alchemy is The sum of perfection (Summa perfectionis) (around 1260). According
to William R. Newman, this treatise may have been written around 1260 by Paul
de Tarente, a Franciscan author of other works on alchemy.
There is, at least, another
hypothesis. Another tradition proposes al Jābir, al Djāber, even al Jarbi, a
Mudejar alchemist from the Iberian Peninsula known as Geber. It is none the
less true that it continues from 1310 to 1360 the work of the Arab-Persian
masters. His three books, mostly known in Latin and then published in the 17th
century, are:
• Summa perfectionis magisterii
either The will
• Liber fornacum is The book of
furnaces (or laboratory apparatus)
• Investigation perfectionis
either The search for perfection
• Invention veritatis The
invention of truth
Note that the mathematician and
geometer Abu-Mohammed Djabir ibn Allah, said Geber of Seville, living in the
second half of the XI century, is the author of a voluminous treatise on
astronomy, translated by Gerard Cremona. But it can not be confused with
others.
Jabir Ibn Hayyan: Bibliography
Jabir Ibn Hayyan: Works of Jabir
ibn Hayyan
• Eric John Holmyard, The Arabic
Works of Jabir ibn Hayyan, 2 Volumes, Orientalist Bookstore Paul Geuthner,
Paris, 1928
• (fr) Marcellin Berthelot, The
Arab Chemistry, Imprimerie Nationale, 1893 (Commented compilation of the texts
of Jabir in the archives in Paris and Leiden and 'Liber septuaginta' of Geber).
• (en) Pierre Lory, Ten Treaties
of Chemistry of Jabir ibn Hayyan - The First Ten Treaties of the 'Book of
Seventy'. Texts translated and presented, Paris, Sindbad, 1983, reissued with
an update in 1996 by Actes-Sud.
Jabir Ibn Hayyan: Studies
• Pierre Lory, Alchemy and mystic
in the land of Islam, Lagrasse, Verdier, 1989.
• Pierre Lory, Alchemical
Eschatology in Jabir ibn Hayyan, No. 91-92-93-94 of Mahdism and Millenarianism
in Islam, July 2000. [1]
• Hassan a Y., The Different
Aspects of Islamic Culture, Volume 4: Science and Technology in Islam Part 2,
Unesco Publishing, 2001
Jabir Ibn Hayyan: See also
Jabir Ibn Hayyan: Related
Articles
• Alchemy in Islam
• Pseudo-Geber
• Islamic sciences and techniques
Jabir Ibn Hayyan: External Links
• on the website of the Chemical Heritage Foundation
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