برجراف عن سد اسوان بالانجليزي

موضوع عن سد أسوان الفرق بين خزان أسوان والسد العالي الفرق بين السد العالى وسد اسوان متى تم بناء السد العالى خزان اسوان بحث عن السد العالى جاهز للطباعة اضرار السد العالى موضوع عن سد أسوان العالي بالانجليزي بحث عن السد العالى جاهز للطباعة الفرق بين خزان أسوان والسد العالي في مصر برجراف عن اسوان بالانجليزى

موضوع عن السد العالي بالانجليزي

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Aswan Dam

Even though we commonly hear about the Aswan Dam, we should rather say the Aswan High Dam. Indeed, there is also the old dam of Aswan, which was built well before him.

For more than 20 000 years that the Nile valley is inhabited, it undergoes regularly - approximately every ten years - gigantic floods. A first dam was built in -3200. Even though the irrigation knowledge of the time was smaller than it is today, the population tried to develop the left bank of the Nile with a network of dikes and ponds to retain the flow of water; then later, the right bank.

In 1902, the English financed the first dam in southern Aswan to allow regular watering of cotton crops. In parallel dams built downstream allowed neighborhood irrigation. But the problem remained to control the flow during floods. Moreover, in the hot and dry climate of Egypt, the need for water was becoming more pressing as well as to extend the cultivable land to feed an ever increasing population.

Instead of raising the dam as it had been done before, construction began on a new dam about 6 km upstream of the old dam. It was Gamal Abdel Nasser, the Egyptian president at the time, who launched the project in 1952. The construction lasted eleven years and mobilized 30,000 workers. Its water holding capacity is 169 billion cubic meters of water, making it one of the largest dams in the world. In addition to irrigating a large part of the country, the dam covers almost half of the country's electricity needs - (the old dam maintained in place is also used for hydropower generation). In addition, Lake Nasser, created after the construction of the dam, allowed with its 500 km long and its 169 billion m3 of water, the development of a new fishing area.

But like any construction of this magnitude, that of the Aswan Dam was not without its share of controversy and tension. Tensions between countries first. The United States and Great Britain annulled for reasons their understanding, it was ultimately the USSR that contributed to the construction of the dam. Financially by providing nearly a third of the necessary funds as well as labor with more than 400 technicians employed on the site. Two-thirds of the missing funds were obtained with the nationalization of the Suez Canal. An episode that was not inconsequential since it resulted in the crisis of the Suez Canal: France, Israel and Great Britain refusing the nationalization of this strategic place of maritime traffic.

Another problem arose, the archaeological one: the construction of the dam would lead to the immersion of an entire region rich in archaeological remains. A vast rescue operation was therefore set up by UNESCO to preserve the most important. About twenty monuments were dismantled and moved to Egypt or Sudan. Among them are the famous Nubian temples of Abu Simbel.

Although vital for the development of the country, the dam has forever changed the face of the Nile Valley and not just good. Wanting to control nature necessarily has a price ... The stagnant waters of the dam have become conducive to the development of parasitic diseases; The arable land is impoverished because it no longer benefits from the fertile silts of the Nile floods; Erosion is increasing, the water table is rising, and saline water that can no longer evacuate in the absence of flood threatens to sterilize the Delta's land. Not to mention the fact that the farmers who enjoy a profusion of water no longer pay attention to the quantities used, which could be dangerous for the future.