موضوع عن الامارات بالانجليزي

تقرير عن الامارات العربية المتحدة بالانجليزي اسماء الامارات مدن الامارات

تعبير عن السياحه  تقرير قصير تعبير عن دوله بالانجليزي تعبير بالانجليزي عن زيارة دولة

تعبير عن رحله  تقرير انجليزي عن الامارات معلومات عن دولة الإمارات بالإنجليزي

دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة المعاصرة برجراف عن دولة الامارات  للصف التاسع تقرير عن تراث  اسماء الامارات السبع  مطوية  موضوع عن ثقافة  الامارات قبل الاتحاد بالانجليزي

United Arab Emirates

Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah

Capital: Abu Dhabi

Population: 2.4 million (2003)

Official language: classical Arabic

Majority group: none

Minority groups: Gulf Arab (37.4%), Malayalam (11.4%), Telugu (4.9%), Baluchi (4%), Eastern Pashtu (4%), Hijazi Arabic (3%), 9%), Bengali (3.5%), Omani Arabic (3.2%), West Farsi (3.2%), Filipino (3.2%), Egyptian Arabic (3.1%), Arab Southern Leventine (2.7%), Arabic Southern Levantine (2.6%), East Punjabi (2.1%), South Pashtou (1.5%), Northern Arabian Levantine (1%) , 3%), Sinhalese (1.3%), Sindhi (1.1%), Standard Arabic (1.1%), Somali (1%), Sudanese Arabic (0.8%), Arabic Taizzi-Adeni ( 0.6%), Libyan Arab (0.4%), Mesopotamian Arabic (0.3%), English (0.2%), etc.

Political system: federation of seven emirates (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Sharjah, Doubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah and Umm al-Qaywain).

Constitutional Articles (language): art. 6 and 7 of the Constitution of 2 December 1971

Language Laws: No Linguistic Law

1 General situation

The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates located on the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula; these emirates are Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Qaiwain, Fujairah and Ras al-Khaimah The territory of the Emirates is bounded on the north by Qatar and the Persian Gulf, on the east by the Gulf of Oman and the State of the same name, south and west by Saudi Arabia.

The UAE area is 83,600 km² (or the equivalent of Austria, France: 547,030 km²). The seven emirates are Abu Dhabi (Abu Dhabi), Ajman, Sharjah (Sharjah), Dubai (Dubai), Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, and Umm al Qaawain (Um al Kwain).

The emirates are distributed unequally according to the states: Abu Dhabi, with 67,600 sq. Km, is five times larger than the six other united emirates. Dubai, the second largest emirate, has only 3840 square kilometers, while the smallest, Ajman, covers only 250 square kilometers. In addition, the emirate of Sharjah, Ajman, Ras al-Khaimah and Fujairah are territorially fragmented.

The city of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the emirates with 500,000 inhabitants, houses the federal government and implements foreign policy, defense and education of the seven emirates.

It is the only federation in the Arab world. Each emirate is governed by an emir whose power is hereditary and absolute. The seven emirs form the Supreme Council, which constitutes the highest authority of the federal government. The Council elects a chairman and a vice-chairman from among its members.

The United Arab Emirates is one of the richest areas in the world with the highest per capita income. Their economy is entirely based on the exploitation of hydrocarbons.

In some journalistic circles, the abbreviated form "emirates" (with a tiny initial) is sometimes used. In this case, the name is used to designate all the states of the Arabian Peninsula: the UAE, but also Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and even the Sultanate of Oman.

2 Demo linguistic data

The population of the federation was estimated in 2003 at 2,445,651 inhabitants. Emirati people are concentrated in coastal cities or inland oases. The United Arab Emirates has a fairly heterogeneous population because of the large number of foreign workers, to such an extent that indigenous peoples (the "natives": Gulf Arabs, Bedouin Arabs and Shihh Arabs) have been marginalized by Indo-Pakistanis. and the Indo-Iranians; today they represent only 37.6% of the total population. Foreigners are attracted by the high level of wages offered in the UAE. Only "natives" can obtain the nationality of the country.

2.1 The ethnic groups

Less than 60% of the inhabitants are now Arabs of all origins, compared to 24.2% of Indo-Pakistanis, 11% of Indo-Iranians, 0.8% of Westerners (including Europeans, Americans and Canadians). ) and 4.7% Africans, Filipinos, Malays, Japanese, Turks and Chinese.

In addition to the native populations of the UAE, Arabic-speaking workers come from Saudi Arabia, Oman, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Sudan, Yemen and Iraq. Indo-Pakistanis constitute the second largest group (24.7%) with the Malayali and Telugu in southern India, followed by Bangladeshis (Bangladesh), Punjab (India), Sinhalese (Sri Lanka), Sindhi (Pakistan) and the Urdu (Pakistan). The third group, that of the Indo-Iranians, is unclear because it includes ethnic groups from both Pakistan and Afghanistan and Iran, but their common point is that they are Iranians of culture, no Indians. The fourth group concerns Westerners (Europeans, Americans and Canadians): they are hyperspecialized workers in the petrochemical industry. North Americans (including Anglophone and Francophone Canadians) have been in business for decades, first in the oil and gas field, and then expanded to include engineering, architecture, education, medical care and a wide range of commercial services.

The country is also home to other Asian, African and other workers. The urban population in the UAE represents 85% of the total population. More than 95% of the population is Sunni Muslim of Kharijite rite, the rest of the population being Shiite; the others are Christians.

2.2 Languages

The official language of the UAE is classical Arabic, which also serves as the lingua franca for all Arabic speakers. All other ethnic groups use English as their lingua franca. No particular mother tongue is dominant in the emirates, not even a variety of Arabic, but all Arabic speakers constitute a kind of majority of language, culture and religion. Nearly 60% of the population speaks one of the many varieties of Arabic: Gulf Arab, Shihh Arabic, Saudi Arabian, Omani, Egyptian, Jordanian, Palestinian, Lebanese, Syrian, Sudanese, Yemeni, Iraqi. All varieties of Arabic belong to the Semitic group of the Hamito-Semitic (or Afro-Asiatic) family. The Dravidian languages ​​are Malayalam (11.4%) and Telugu (4.8%). The Indo-Iranian languages ​​are Baluchi, Bengali, Pashto, Farsi, Sinhalese, Sindhi and Urdu. Hindi and Urdu are in fact one and the same language, but Hindi is written with the Devanagari alphabet and Urdu with the Arabic-Persian alphabet. It was religious and political reasons that favored this division: the Pakistanis are Muslims and wanted to distinguish themselves from Indians with a Hindu majority. The differences between the two languages ​​are not only graphic (devanagari alphabet for Hindi and Arabic-Persian alphabet for Urdu), but also cultural. They reflect religious and political differences, as Urdu is associated with Islam and Hindi with Hinduism.

There are also Austronesian languages ​​(Filipino and Malay), Germanic (English, Dutch, German, Norwegian, Swedish), Romance (French, Italian), Slavic (Polish, Serbian, Croatian) to Altaic languages ​​(Turkish). Sino-Tibetan (Chinese), Japanese (Japanese) and Bantu (Swahili). None of the non-Arabic languages ​​has any chance of winning, except English as a lingua franca.

3 Historical data

According to the archaeological excavations, the history of the region dates back to 8000 BC. Traces of occupation have been documented around Abu Dhabi, Ras al-Khaimah and the desert near Al Ain. This region was an important trading hub between Mesopotamia, Iran, Dilmun (now Bahrain) and India. Later, there were contacts between the Greeks, then the Romans.

In 632, the population was converted to Islam during the Arab invasion, then went to war. Subsequently, its history merges with that of the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus and the Abbasid of Baghdad. Great explorers, the Arabs of the region crisscrossed the Indian Ocean and traded to Vietnam and China. But between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, the region was coveted by the Persians, Ottomans and Portuguese, the latter occupying the Strait of Hormuz in the sixteenth century. Portuguese and Arabs waged bloody wars, but the Arabs managed to rout the Portuguese. The region was quickly ruled by sheikhs who clashed to maintain a monopoly on pearl fishing and piracy. The Al Qassimi, a wealthy Ras al-Khaimah family, succeeded in asserting themselves more and taking control of the region. They had a powerful fleet of about sixty large ships that could rob all foreign ships. The British accused the Al Qassimi of piracy and used this pretext to take control of the area called "the Pirate Coast".