قلعة بهلاء بالانجليزي

Bahla Fort (Arabic: قلعة بهلاء) is one of four fortresses at the foot of Jebel Akhdar, the upper part of Oman. Located more precisely in the oasis of Bahla, it is registered since 1987 on the list of the world inheritance.

It was built by the Banu Nabhan community that dominated the 12th century region at the end of the 15th century. The building is adobe with a base of stone1.

From 1988 to 2004, it was inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger.

Bahla Fort

The oasis of Bahla owes its prosperity to the Banu Nabhan, who imposed themselves on other communities between the twelfth century and the end of the fifteenth century. Their power is attested by the ruins of the immense walled fort and the raw brick towers and the stone basement, a remarkable example of this type of fortification.

Outstanding universal value

Brief synthesis

The ruins of the huge Bahla fort, with its walls and raw brick towers on a stone base, and the adjacent Friday mosque, with its artistically carved prayer niche (mihrab), dominate the surrounding brick building. flood and the palm grove. The fort and human settlement, an oasis surrounded by a rampart in the Omani desert, owed its prosperity to the Banu Nabhan tribe (Nabahina) who dominated the central region of Oman and made Bahla their capital of the twelfth century until at the end of the fifteenth. From there they established relations with the other tribes of the interior. Bahla was the center of Ibadism (one of the branches of Islam) on which the ancient Omani imamates were based and whose influence is found throughout Arabia, Africa and beyond.

The imposing wall (sur) with the walkway and the watchtowers that contain the labyrinth of raw brick dwellings and cultivated land has several entrances. The oasis is irrigated by the falaj, system of wells and underground canals bringing groundwater from distant sources, and by the management of seasonal water flows.

Bahla offers an eminent example of a fortified oasis square of the medieval Islamic period, illustrating the know-how of the first inhabitants to use water for agricultural and domestic purposes. The pre-gunpowder fort, with its rounded towers and crenellated parapets, as well as the peripheral built of stone and raw brick, demonstrates the status and influence of the ruling elite.

Remains of mudbrick family dwellings with their traditional vernacular houses (harats) including al-Aqr, al-Ghuzeili, al-Hawulya and associated mosques, courtrooms (sablas), baths, and mansions guardians of the fort (askari), evoke a distinct human settlement model related to the location of falaj. The importance of the establishment is highlighted by the Friday mosque with its richly decorated mihrab and the remains of the old market (souq) half-covered, including a set of single-storey shops open on narrow alleys, the all enclosed behind an outer wall. The location of the souq made it easier to watch from the fort on its nearby rocky escarpment. Remains of carved and artistically incised doors, shelves and window meshes bear witness to a rich and prosperous artisan tradition.

Criterion (iv): The fort and oasis settlement of Bahla with its fortification are an outstanding example of a type of defensive architectural ensemble that has allowed the dominant tribes to prosper in Oman and the Arabian Peninsula in end of medieval times.

Integrity (2010)

At the time of inscription, it was noted that the fort of Bahla and the neighboring Friday mosque are inseparable from the small oasis town surrounding it and the delimitation follows the course of the (sur) wall which encloses the whole of the oasis establishment. A road crosses the property.

The main components of the Bahla architectural ensemble have survived and form both an integral and almost complete fortified historic oasis site and an important defensive complex. Comprising mainly earthen structures, they are however vulnerable to degradation and poor drainage of the site and, in the case of the souq, are vulnerable to reconstruction in modern materials.

The falaj system and the river on which the village depends, as well as the historic roads linking it to other towns in the interior, extend far beyond its perimeter. Despite some urban development at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, Bahla remains a prominent place in the desert landscape. Its continued prominence in the landscape and visual perspectives are vulnerable to the imperatives of community development and tourism. The maintenance of the supervisory role of the fort facing the souq, the surrounding village and the access roads will depend on a management plan.

It can be said that the form, design and materials that confer the Outstanding Universal Value of the property have largely retained their authenticity. The property was removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2004.

Bahla remains a prosperous territory. However, authenticity is vulnerable to abandoning traditional vernacular houses inside harats. The souq is also vulnerable to lack of conservation and maintenance and changes in materials and construction methods.

Protection and Management Needs (2010)

The property of Bahla Fort and its oasis is administratively and legally protected by the Omani Law for the Protection of the National Heritage (1980). The fort and its surroundings are under the control of the Ministry of Heritage and Culture in Muscat, which has a regional office in the Dakhliyeh region and a local office in Bahla.

The property has a management plan dated March 2005, focusing on the long-term care, conservation and use of historic buildings, structures and the spatial form of the site. The plan also recognizes the importance of maintaining the site in its entirety and the need to manage modern uses and development to preserve the integrity of the architectural ensemble and its prominence.

Several of the actions defined in the management plan have been advanced and implemented, such as the Friday mosque conservation, the qasaba, the sur and the access roads, the elaboration of recommendations for the rehabilitation of harats, the deviation of traffic through the property, electrification of the fort and installation of a site museum in Bayt al-Hadith within the fort .

The management plan is being evaluated and will be updated in 2009/2010 for official adoption. The revised and updated Management Plan will form the basis for the long-term management of the property.

قلعة بهلاء بالانجليزي

bahla fort

presentation about bahla fort

من بنى قلعة بهلاء

سور بهلاء ويكي

معلومات عن قلعة نزوى

قصة قلعة بهلاء

قصة سور بهلاء

قلعة بهلاء بعد الترميم

موضوع انجليزي عن الماء للصف الثامن فقرة  برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزية  انشاء موضوع انجليزي عن ابدا قصير كيفية كتابة موضوع     تعبير باللغة الانجليزية توجيهي قواعد كتابة تعبير  بالانجليزي طريقة سهلة لكتابة تعبير بالانجليزي موضوع تعبير انجليزي يصلح لكل المواضيع كتابة تعبير بالانجليزي عن نفسك وصف تعبير انجليزي يصلح لكل المواضيع موضوع انشاء شامل لكل المواضيع موضوع يصلح لجميع المواضيع موضوع تعبير انجليزي جاهز برجراف ينفع لاى موضوع  موضوع انجليزي عن الماء قصير وسهل فوائد بالانجليزي عبارات  بالانجليزي طويل اهمية مترجم ثالث ثانوي اول ثاني ثانوي متوسط خمس سبع ثمان تسع اربع جمل كلمات كلام مقال علمي مقدمة بحث انجليزي حلول اسباب حل مشكلة طويل شعر وصف قدوتي في الحياه انشودة نشيد كلام جميل حالات